Amateka yiterambere ryumuyoboro wicyuma
Gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ifite amateka yimyaka hafi 100.Abavandimwe bo mu Budage Mannesmann bahimbye bwa mbere ibizunguruka bibiri bizunguruka mu 1885, n’uruganda rukora imiyoboro ya buri gihe mu 1891. Mu 1903, stiefel yo mu Busuwisi yahimbye uruganda rukora imashini (ruzwi kandi ku ruganda rwo hejuru).Nyuma yibyo, imashini zitandukanye zo kwagura nkuruganda rukomeza imiyoboro hamwe n’imashini ya jacking imashini byagaragaye, byatangiye gukora inganda zigezweho zidafite ibyuma.Mu myaka ya za 1930, kubera ikoreshwa ryuruganda rutatu ruzunguruka, extruder hamwe nuru ruganda rukonje rukonje, ubwoko nubwiza bwimiyoboro yicyuma byatejwe imbere.Mu myaka ya za 1960, kubera iterambere ry’uruganda rukomeza imiyoboro no kuvuka kwa pisitori eshatu, cyane cyane intsinzi yo kugabanya impagarara zigabanya urusyo hamwe na fagitire ikomeza, umusaruro warazamutse kandi irushanwa riri hagati y’umuyoboro udafite umuringa hamwe n’umuyoboro wasudutse.Mu myaka ya za 70, umuyoboro udafite kashe hamwe n'umuyoboro usudira wagendaga utera imbere, kandi umusaruro w'icyuma ku isi wiyongereye ku gipimo kirenga 5% ku mwaka.Kuva mu 1953, Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda zidafite ibyuma, kandi bwabanje gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro imiyoboro minini minini, mito n'iciriritse.Mubisanzwe, umuyoboro wumuringa nawo ukoresha inzira yo kwambukiranya bilet no gutobora.
Gukoresha no gutondekanya imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Gusaba:
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo ni ubwoko bw'ibyuma byubukungu, bigira uruhare runini mubukungu bwigihugu.Ikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, inganda z’imiti, amashyiga, sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, ubwato, gukora imashini, imodoka, indege, ikirere, ingufu, geologiya, ubwubatsi, inganda za gisirikare n’andi mashami.
Ibyiciro:
① Ukurikije imiterere y'igice: umuyoboro uzenguruka igice n'umuyoboro udasanzwe.
② ukurikije ibikoresho: umuyoboro wibyuma bya karubone, umuyoboro wibyuma, umuyoboro wibyuma utagira umuyonga hamwe numuyoboro uhuriweho.
③ ukurikije uburyo bwo guhuza: umuyoboro uhuza umuyoboro hamwe nuyoboro.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora: kuzunguruka bishyushye (extrusion, jacking no kwaguka) umuyoboro hamwe no gukonjesha gukonje (gushushanya).
⑤ ukurikije intego: umuyoboro utetse, umuyoboro wamavuta, umuyoboro, umuyoboro wubatswe hamwe nifumbire mvaruganda.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubyaza umusaruro umuyoboro wicyuma
Process Uburyo bukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro (inzira nyamukuru yo kugenzura) yumuyaga ushyushye udafite ibyuma:
Gutegura ubusa no kugenzura → igituba gishyushye ubusa → gutobora → kuzunguruka → gushyushya umuyoboro mbisi → ingero (kugabanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora umuyoboro urangiye → kurangiza → kugenzura (kudakorwa, ku mubiri no mu miti, ikizamini cy'intebe) → ububiko.
Production Ibikorwa byingenzi byumusaruro wubukonje buzunguruka (ushushanyije) umuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe
Gutegura neza → gutoragura no gusiga → kuzunguruka (gushushanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora → kurangiza → kugenzura.
Igicapo cyibikorwa byo gutondekanya imbonerahamwe ishyushye idafite umuyoboro wibyuma ni ibi bikurikira:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-14-2023