Itandukaniro riri hagati y'icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma kitagira umugese

Icyuma cya karuboni

Icyuma gifite imiterere ya mekanike gishingiye ahanini ku gipimo cya karuboni kiri mu cyuma kandi nta bintu by'ingenzi byongerwamo muri rusange, rimwe na rimwe kitwa karuboni cyangwa icyuma cya karuboni.

Icyuma cya karuboni, cyitwa kandi icyuma cya karuboni, bivuga aloyi z'icyuma-karuboni zirimo munsi ya 2% bya WC ya karuboni.

Ibyuma bya karuboni muri rusange birimo silicone nto, manganese, sulfur na fosifore hamwe na karuboni.

Dukurikije ikoreshwa ry'icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni n'icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma bigabanyamo uduce dutatu, icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni gishyirwamo ubwoko bubiri bw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu bwubatsi n'imashini;

Dukurikije uburyo bwo gushongesha ibintu, icyuma gishongesha ibintu gishobora kugabanywamo icyuma gishongesha ibintu, icyuma gihindura ibintu n'icyuma gishongesha ibintu gikoresha amashanyarazi;

Dukurikije uburyo bwo gukuraho ogisijeni, icyuma gishyuha (F), icyuma gisanzwe (Z), icyuma kidakora neza (b) n'icyuma cyihariye gisanzwe (TZ);

Dukurikije ingano ya karuboni mu byuma bya karuboni, icyuma gishobora kugabanywamo icyuma gito cya karuboni (WC ≤ 0.25%), icyuma giciriritse cya karuboni (WC 0.25%-0.6%) n'icyuma kinini cya karuboni (WC> 0.6%);

Dukurikije fosifore, ingano ya sufuri mu byuma bya karuboni ishobora kugabanywamo icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni (kirimo fosifore, sufure nyinshi), icyuma cya karuboni cyiza (kirimo fosifore, sufure nkeya) n'icyuma cyiza (kirimo fosifore, sufure nkeya) n'icyuma cyihariye cyiza.

Uko karuboni iba nyinshi mu byuma bya karuboni muri rusange, ni ko ubukana burushaho kuba bwinshi, ni ko imbaraga ziba nyinshi, ariko plastike iba nke.

Icyuma kitagira umwanda

Icyuma kidashonga aside cyitwa icyuma kidashonga aside, kigizwe n'ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: icyuma kidashonga aside n'icyuma kidashonga aside. Muri make, icyuma gishobora kwihanganira ingese yo mu kirere cyitwa icyuma kidashonga aside, mu gihe icyuma gishobora guhangana n'ingese yo mu binyabutabire cyitwa icyuma kidashonga aside. Icyuma kidashonga aside ni icyuma gifite aloyi nyinshi gifite icyuma kirenga 60% nk'umubumbe, cyongeramo chromium, nickel, molybdenum n'ibindi bintu bivangavanze.

Iyo icyuma kirimo chromium irenga 12%, icyuma kiri mu kirere no mu gushonga aside nitrike ntabwo byoroshye kwangiza no kunyerera. Impamvu ni uko chromium ishobora gukora urwego rurerure cyane rwa chromium oxide film ku buso bw'icyuma, ikarinda neza icyuma kwangirika. Ibyuma bya chromium muri rusange birenga 14%, ariko icyuma cya chrome ntabwo kitagira ingese na gato. Mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja cyangwa mu mwuka uhumanye cyane, iyo ion ya chloride y'umwuka ari nini, ubuso bw'icyuma cya carbon dioxide bugaragara mu kirere bushobora kugira ingese, ariko izi ngese zigarukira gusa ku buso, ntizizangiza imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma cya carbon dioxide.

Muri rusange, ingano ya chrome Wcr irenga 12% by'icyuma ifite imiterere y'icyuma kitagira umugese, icyuma kitagira umugese ukurikije imiterere yacyo nyuma yo gushyushya gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitanu: ari byo: icyuma kitagira umugese cya ferrite, icyuma kitagira umugese cya martensitic, icyuma kitagira umugese cya austenitic, icyuma kitagira umugese cya austenitic – ferrite n'icyuma kitagira umugese cya karuboni.

Ubusanzwe icyuma kidakoresha imyanda kigabanyijwemo imiterere ya matrix:

1, icyuma kitagira umugese cya ferritic. Gifite chromium kuva kuri 12% kugeza kuri 30%. Kirwanya ingese, gukomera no gusudira hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwa chromium no kongera stress ya chloride. Kirwanya ingese ni byiza kurusha ubundi bwoko bw’icyuma kitagira umugese.

2, icyuma kitagira umugese cya austenitic. Kirimo chromium irenga 18%, kinarimo nikeli igera kuri 8% n'umubare muto wa molybdenum, titaniyumu, azote n'ibindi bintu. Imikorere myiza ni myiza, ishobora kurwanya ingese zitandukanye.

3、Austenitic – ferritic duplex stainless steel. Ibyuma bita austenitic na ferritic stainless steel, kandi bifite ibyiza byo kuba superplasticity.

4, icyuma kitagira umugese cya martensitic. Gikomeye cyane, ariko plastike mbi kandi ntigishobora gusudira.