Ruswa ni ugusenya cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho cyangwa imitungo yatewe n'ibidukikije.Ruswa nyinshi ibaho mubidukikije byikirere, birimo ibintu byangirika nibintu byangirika nka ogisijeni, ubushuhe, ihinduka ryubushyuhe hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya.
Kwangirika kwizuba nikintu gisanzwe kandi cyangiza cyane ikirere.Kwangirika kwizuba kwangirika hejuru yibikoresho byicyuma biterwa na ion ya chloride ikubiye mubutaka bwicyuma cya oxydeire hamwe nigice cyo gukingira icyuma cyinjira hamwe nicyuma cyimbere mumashanyarazi yatewe na.Muri icyo gihe, ion ya chlorine irimo ingufu zimwe na zimwe zo kwiyobora, byoroshye kwamamazwa mu byobo byo hejuru y’icyuma, ibice byuzuye kandi bigasimbuza ogisijeni mu gice cya oxyde, okiside idashobora gushonga muri chloride zishonga, ku buryo passivasi ya leta ya ubuso bugaragara hejuru.
Ikizamini cyangirika cyikizamini ni ubwoko bwikizamini cyibidukikije cyane cyane hifashishijwe ibikoresho byikizamini cya Cyclic ruswa kugirango habeho kwigana ibihimbano by’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kugirango harebwe niba ruswa irwanya ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho byuma.Igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri, kimwe kubizamini byibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, ikindi kubushakashatsi bwihuse bwikigereranyo cyibizamini byangiza ibidukikije.
Kwigana ibihimbano byikizamini cyangiza ibidukikije ni ugukoresha urugero runaka rwibikoresho byo gupima ikirere - Icyumba cy’ibizamini cya Cyclic Corrosion (Ishusho), mubunini bwacyo hamwe nuburyo bwubukorikori, bikavamo ibidukikije byangirika kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Kurwanya ruswa.
Ugereranije nibidukikije karemano, umunyu mwinshi wa chloride wibidukikije byangirika, birashobora kuba inshuro nyinshi cyangwa inshuro nyinshi ibidukikije rusange Ibidukikije Rusange Ibicuruzwa byangirika, kuburyo igipimo cya ruswa cyiyongera cyane, ikizamini cya ruswa yibizamini kuri ibicuruzwa, igihe cyo kubona ibisubizo nacyo kigufi cyane.Nko mubidukikije byerekanwe kumiterere yikigereranyo cyibicuruzwa, kugirango bibe ruswa bishobora gufata umwaka 1, mugihe mugihe cyo kwigana ibihimbano byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, mugihe cyamasaha 24, urashobora kubona ibisubizo bisa.
Laboratoire yigana ruswa ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine
(1)Ikizamini cyo kutagira aho kibogamiye (Ikizamini cya NSS)ni uburyo bwihuse bwo gupima ruswa bwagaragaye mbere kandi nubu bukoreshwa cyane.Ikoresha 5% sodium chloride saline yumuti, igisubizo PH agaciro kahinduwe murwego rutabogamye (6.5 ~ 7.2) nkigisubizo cyo gutera.Ubushyuhe bwikizamini bufatwa 35 ℃, igipimo cyo gutuza cyibisabwa byangirika muri 1 ~ 2ml / 80cm / h.
(2)Acide Acike Ikizamini Cyangirika (ASS test)yatejwe imbere hashingiwe kubizamini bya Cyclic Corrosion.Ni ukongeramo aside glacial acetike ya acide ya 5% ya sodium ya chloride ya sodium, kugirango PH igiciro cyumuti igabanuke kugera kuri 3, igisubizo gihinduka acide, kandi uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kwangirika kwa Cyclic nabwo bwahinduwe buva muri ruswa itabogamye ikabamo aside. .Igipimo cyayo cyangirika cyikubye inshuro 3 ikizamini cya NSS.
(3)Umunyu wumuringa wihutishije aside ya asike Ikizamini cya ruswa (Ikizamini cya CASS)ni ikizamini gishya cyateye imbere cyihuta cyikizamini cya ruswa, ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo cya 50 ℃, igisubizo cyumunyu hamwe numunyu muke wumuringa - chloride y'umuringa, yatewe cyane na ruswa.Igipimo cyacyo cyangirika nikubye inshuro 8 icyizamini cya NSS.
(4)Ubundi Ikizamini Cyangirika Cyikizaminini ikizamini cyuzuye cyangirika, mubyukuri kidafite aho kibogamiye Ikizamini cyangirika cyongeyeho ubushyuhe nubushyuhe buri gihe.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa cavity ibicuruzwa byose, binyuze mubucengezi bwibidukikije bitose, kuburyo Ruswa ya Cyclic itaboneka gusa hejuru yibicuruzwa, ahubwo no mubicuruzwa.Nibicuruzwa muri Ruswa ya Cyclic hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibidukikije bibiri bisimburana, hanyuma amaherezo ugasuzuma imiterere yamashanyarazi nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa byose hamwe cyangwa bidahindutse.
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya Cyclic ruswa muri rusange bitangwa mubyiza aho kuba muburyo bwo kubara.Hariho uburyo bune bwihariye bwo guca imanza.
①uburyo bwo guca imanzani agace kangirika hamwe nubuso bwuzuye bwikigereranyo cyijanisha ukurikije uburyo runaka bwo kugabana mubyiciro byinshi, kurwego runaka nkurwego rushingiye kubucamanza bujuje ibisabwa, birakwiriye kuburugero rusanzwe rwo gusuzuma.
②gupima uburyo bwo guca imanzani muburemere bwicyitegererezo mbere na nyuma yikizamini cyo gupima ruswa, kubara uburemere bwigihombo cya ruswa kugirango umenye ubuziranenge bwikitegererezo cyangirika, birakwiriye cyane cyane gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwicyuma cyangirika.
③uburyo bwo kugaragara bugaragarani uburyo bwo kugena ubuziranenge, ni ikizamini cya Ruswa cyangirika, niba ibicuruzwa bitanga ibintu byangirika kugirango hamenyekane icyitegererezo, ibicuruzwa rusange bikoreshwa cyane murubu buryo.
④ruswa yamakuru yo gusesengura imibareitanga igishushanyo cyibizamini bya ruswa, isesengura ryamakuru yangirika, amakuru yangirika kugirango hamenyekane urwego rwicyizere cyuburyo, bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusesengura, kwangirika kwimibare, aho kuba muburyo bwihariye bwo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byiza.
Ikizamini cyangirika cyicyuma cyicyuma
Ikizamini cya Ruswa cyangiritse cyavumbuwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, ni cyo gihe kirekire cyo gukoresha "ikizamini cya ruswa", ibikoresho birwanya ruswa cyane ukoresha neza, byahindutse ikizamini "kuri bose".Impamvu nyamukuru nizi zikurikira: saving guta igihe;Cost igiciro gito;③ irashobora kugerageza ibikoresho bitandukanye;Ibisubizo biroroshye kandi birasobanutse, bifasha gukemura amakimbirane yubucuruzi.
Mubimenyerezo, Ikizamini Cyangirika Cyicyuma cyicyuma nikizwi cyane - aya masaha ashobora gukora amasaha angahe?Abimenyereza ntibagomba kuba abanyamahanga kuri iki kibazo.
Abacuruza ibikoresho mubisanzwe bakoreshapassivationkwivuza cyangwakuzamura urwego rwo hejuru, nibindi, kugirango utezimbere Cyclic Ruswa igihe cyo kugerageza ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Nyamara, ikintu gikomeye kigena ni ibice bigize ibyuma ubwabyo, ni ukuvuga ibikubiye muri chromium, molybdenum na nikel.
Iyo hejuru yibiri muri ibyo bintu byombi, chromium na molybdenum, niko imbaraga za ruswa zikenerwa mukurwanya imyobo hamwe na ruswa itangira kugaragara.Uku kurwanya ruswa kugaragazwa ukurikije icyo bitaGutera Kurwanya Bingana(PRE) agaciro: PRE =% Cr + 3.3 x% Mo.
Nubwo nikel itongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ibyuma no kwangirika, irashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wa ruswa nyuma yo gutangira kwangirika.Nickel irimo ibyuma bya austenitike idafite ibyuma rero ikunda gukora neza cyane mubizamini bya Cyclic Corrosion, kandi ikabora cyane cyane ugereranije nicyuma gito cya nikel ferritic idafite ibyuma bisa nkibishobora kurwanya ruswa.
Utuntu n'utundi: Kubisanzwe 304, kutagira aho bibogamiye Kwangirika ni hagati yamasaha 48 na 72;kubisanzwe 316, kutagira aho bibogamiye Kwangirika ni hagati yamasaha 72 na 120.
Twabibutsa koiRuswaikizamini gifite inenge zikomeye mugihe cyo kugerageza imiterere yicyuma.Ibintu bya chloride biri muri ruswa ya Cyclic mu kizamini cya Ruswa ni hejuru cyane, birenze kure ibidukikije, bityo ibyuma bitagira umwanda bishobora kurwanya ruswa ahantu nyaburanga hashobora kuba harimo chloride nkeya cyane nabyo bizangirika mu kizamini cya ruswa. .
Ikizamini cya ruswa cyangirika gihindura imyitwarire yo kwangirika kwicyuma, ntigishobora gufatwa nkikizamini cyihuse cyangwa ikigeragezo cyo kwigana.Ibisubizo ni uruhande rumwe kandi nta sano ihwanye nimikorere nyayo yicyuma kitagira ingese amaherezo ikoreshwa.
Turashobora rero gukoresha ikizamini cya Cyclic ruswa kugirango tugereranye kurwanya ruswa yubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, ariko iki kizamini kirashobora kugereranya ibikoresho gusa.Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda, ikizamini cya Cyclic ruswa yonyine ntigisanzwe gitanga amakuru ahagije, kuko ntabwo dusobanukiwe bihagije isano iri hagati yimiterere yikizamini hamwe nibidukikije bifatika.
Kubwimpamvu imwe, ntibishoboka kugereranya ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibicuruzwa bishingiye gusa kubizamini bya Cyclic ruswa yikigereranyo cyicyuma.
Byongeye kandi, ntibishoboka kugereranya ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma, kurugero, ntidushobora kugereranya ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nicyuma cya karubone, kuko uburyo bwo kwangirika bwibikoresho byombi byakoreshejwe mugupimisha buratandukanye cyane, kandi isano iri hagati ya ibisubizo byikizamini hamwe nibidukikije aho ibicuruzwa bizarangirira gukoreshwa ntabwo arimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2023