Flange ni iki?
Umugozi mu magambo make, ijambo rusange gusa, ubusanzwe risobanura umubiri w'icyuma usa na disiki kugira ngo ufungure imyobo mike idahinduka, ikoreshwa mu guhuza ibindi bintu, ubwoko bw'ikintu bukoreshwa cyane mu mashini, bityo bisa nkaho bitangaje gato, igihe cyose kizwi nka flange, izina ryacyo rikomoka ku mugozi w'Icyongereza. Ku buryo umuyoboro n'imiyoboro bihuzwa n'igice, bihujwe n'impera y'umuyoboro, umugozi ufite umwobo, vis kugira ngo flange ebyiri zifatanye neza, hagati y'umugozi hakoreshejwe agapfundikizo ka gasket.
Flange ni ibice bifite ishusho ya disiki, ibikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu buhanga bw'imiyoboro, flange zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa kabiri.
Ku bijyanye n'ubwoko bw'imiyoboro ya flange, hari ibice bitatu:
- Ibyuma by'imiyoboro
- Gasket
- Guhuza bolt
Kenshi na kenshi, hari gasket na bolt byihariye byabonetse bikozwe mu bikoresho bimwe n'igice cy'umuyoboro w'amazi. Flange zikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni flanges z'icyuma kitagira umugozi. Flanges, ku rundi ruhande, ziboneka mu bikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo zihuze n'ibikenewe n'aho hantu. Bimwe mu bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa ni monel, inconel, na chrome molybdenum, bitewe n'ibikenewe by'aho hantu. Amahitamo meza y'ibikoresho agomba guterwa n'ubwoko bwa sisitemu wifuza gukoreshamo flange ifite ibisabwa byihariye.
Ubwoko 7 busanzwe bwa Flanges
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'udupira dushobora gutoranywa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'aho hantu. Kugira ngo duhuze n'imiterere y'udupira duto, tugomba gukora neza ndetse no kumara igihe kirekire kandi igiciro gikwiye kigomba kwitabwaho.
1. uruziga rufite imigozi:
Udupira tw’imigozi, dufite umugozi mu mwobo w’umugozi, dushyirwamo imigozi yo hanze ku gikoresho. Guhuza imigozi hano bigamije kwirinda gusudira mu bihe byose. Bihuzwa ahanini n’imigozi ihuza umuyoboro n’umuyoboro ugomba gushyirwaho.
2. Ibyuma byo gusudiraho amasoko
Ubu bwoko bwa flange bukunze gukoreshwa ku miyoboro mito aho uburebure bw'ubushyuhe buke n'agace k'umuvuduko muke birangwa no guhuza aho umuyoboro ushyirwa imbere muri flange kugira ngo habeho guhuza n'umugozi umwe cyangwa myinshi. Ibi birinda imbogamizi zijyanye n'impande z'imigozi ugereranije n'izindi flange zivanze, bityo bigatuma gushyiraho byoroha.
3. Ibice by'imbere
Umugozi wo ku ruhande ni ubwoko bw'umugozi usaba ko impera y'umugozi ishyirwa ku gice cyo hejuru kugira ngo ikoreshwe hamwe n'umugozi ushyigikira kugira ngo habeho umugozi ufatanye. Ubu buryo bwatumye ubu buryo bukundwa mu buryo butandukanye aho umwanya ufatika ari muto, cyangwa aho bisaba gusenywa kenshi, cyangwa aho bisaba kubungabunga ku rwego rwo hejuru.
4. Ibyuma binyerera
Udupira two guterera turakunze kugaragara kandi tuboneka mu bunini butandukanye kugira ngo duhuze na sisitemu zifite umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi n'ibisohoka. Guhuza gusa utwo dupira n'umurambararo wo hanze y'umuyoboro bituma guhuza byoroha cyane. Gushyiramo utwo dupira ni ibintu bya tekiniki kuko bisaba gusudira ku mpande zombi kugira ngo utwo dupira dufatanye n'umuyoboro.
5. Udupira tw'amabara adafite uruhu
Ubwo bwoko bwa flanges bukwiriye cyane mu kurangiza sisitemu zo gufunga imiyoboro. Isahani ifunguye imeze nk'ikibaho gishobora gushyirwaho imigozi. Iyo bishyizwemo neza kandi bigahuzwa na gasket ikwiye, bituma habaho gufunga neza kandi biroroshye kubikuraho iyo bikenewe.
6. Gusudira Ijosi ry'Ijosi
Udupira two mu ijosi twometseho imigozi dusa cyane n'udupira two mu ijosi, ariko bisaba gusudira imigozi kugira ngo ushyirweho. Kandi imikorere y'ubu buryo n'ubushobozi bwo kunama inshuro nyinshi no gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bituma iba amahitamo y'ibanze mu gukoresha imiyoboro.
7. Ibyuma byihariye byo gushyiramo impuzandengo
Ubu bwoko bwa flange ni bwo buzwi cyane. Ariko, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'inyongera bwihariye buboneka kugira ngo bujyane n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha n'ibidukikije. Hari andi mahitamo atandukanye nka nipo flanges, weldo flanges, expansion flanges, orifices, long weld necks na reducer flanges.
Ubwoko 5 bwihariye bwa Flanges
1. WeldoFikirenge
Ifu ya Weldo isa cyane na Nipo flange kuko ari uruvange rw'ifu ya weld-sudding flanges hamwe n'imiyoboro y'amashami. Ifu ya Weldo ikorwa mu cyuma kimwe gikomeye, aho kugira ngo ibice bimwe na bimwe bihuzwe hamwe.
2. Udupira twa Nipo
Nipoflange ni umuyoboro w'ishami uhengamye ku nguni ya dogere 90, ni umusaruro ukorwa hifashishijwe guhuza imigozi yo gusudira ku kibuno na Nipolet ikozwe. Nubwo flange ya Nipo iboneka ko ari igice kimwe gikomeye cy'icyuma gikozwe, ntibyumvikana ko ari ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye bihurijwe hamwe. Gushyira Nipoflange bigizwe no gusudira igice cya Nipolet cy'ibikoresho kugira ngo umuyoboro ugende neza no gufunga igice cya flange ku muyoboro w'icyuma n'abakozi bashinzwe imiyoboro.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibyuma bya Nipo biboneka mu bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho nka karuboni, ibyuma bya karuboni bishyushye cyane n'ibiciriritse, ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma, n'ibyuma bya nikeli. Ibice bya Nipo bikorerwa cyane cyane mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, bifasha kubiha imbaraga zidasanzwe ugereranije n'ibisanzwe bya Nipo.
3. Elboflange na Latroflange
Elboflange izwiho guhuza flange na Elbolet mu gihe Latroflange izwiho guhuza flange na Latrolet. Flange zo mu nkokora zikoreshwa ku miyoboro y'amashami ku nguni ya dogere 45.
4. Impeta zizunguruka
Gukoresha imigozi izunguruka ni ukugira ngo byorohereze guhuza imyobo y'imigozi hagati y'imigozi ibiri ihuza, ibi bikaba ingirakamaro cyane mu bihe byinshi, nko gushyiraho imiyoboro minini, imiyoboro yo mu mazi cyangwa iyo mu mazi n'ibindi bisa. Ubwo bwoko bw'imigozi bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu mazi menshi muri peteroli, gaze, hidrokaboni, amazi, imiti n'ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gucunga peteroli no gucunga amazi.
Ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro minini y'umurambararo, umuyoboro ushyirwaho flange isanzwe yo gusudira ku mpera imwe n'flange izunguruka ku yindi. Ibi bikora mu kuzunguruka flange izunguruka ku muyoboro kugira ngo umukoresha agere ku murongo mwiza w'imyobo y'amaboliti mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwihuse.
Bimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi ku bipimo by'impeta zizunguruka ni ASME cyangwa ANSI, DIN, BS, EN, ISO, n'ibindi. Imwe mu bipimo bizwi cyane mu gukoresha peteroli ni ANSI cyangwa ASME B16.5 cyangwa ASME B16.47. Ibipimo by'impeta zizunguruka ni ibipimo bishobora gukoreshwa mu miterere isanzwe ya flange. Urugero, ijosi risukwa, imigozi izunguruka, imigozi izunguruka, imigozi izunguruka, nibindi, mu byiciro byose by'ibikoresho, mu bunini butandukanye kuva kuri 3/8" kugeza kuri 60", n'umuvuduko kuva kuri 150 kugeza 2500. Ibi bipimo bishobora gukorwa byoroshye mu byuma bya karuboni, alloy, n'ibyuma bitagira umugese.
5. Udupira two kwagura
Udupira two kwagura, dukoreshwa mu kongera ingano y'umuyoboro w'amazi uva ahantu runaka ujya ahandi kugira ngo duhuze umuyoboro n'ibindi bikoresho bya mekanike nka pompe, compressors, na valves bigaragara ko zifite ingano zitandukanye z'amazi yinjiramo.
Ubusanzwe uduce duto duto duto dukoreshwa mu gupfuka uduce duto dufite umwobo munini cyane ku mpera idapfuka uduce. Dushobora gukoreshwa mu kongeramo ingano imwe cyangwa ebyiri cyangwa kugeza kuri santimetero 1.2 ku mwobo ukoresha umuyoboro. Ubwo bwoko bw'uduce duto bukundwa kurusha uruvange rw'uduce duto dukoreshwa mu gupfuka uduce duto n'uduce dusanzwe kuko duhendutse kandi tworoshye. Kimwe mu bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupfuka uduce duto ni A105 n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese ASTM A182.
Uduce two kwagura tuboneka mu bipimo by'umuvuduko n'ingano hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ANSI cyangwa ASME B16.5, dukunze kuboneka mu buryo burambuye cyangwa burambuye (RF cyangwa FF). Uduce two kwagura, tuzwi kandi nka utwuma two kwagura, dukora akazi gatandukanye cyane n'utundi duce two kwagura, bivuze ko dukoreshwa mu kugabanya ingano y'umuyoboro w'umuyoboro. Umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'umuyoboro ushobora kugabanuka byoroshye, ariko nturenze ingano imwe cyangwa ebyiri. Iyo habayeho kugerageza kugabanya ibirenze ibi, hagomba gukoreshwa umuti ushingiye ku ruvange rw'uduce twometseho imigozi n'uduce dusanzwe.
Ingano y'ibice n'ibipimo rusange by'ingenzi
Uretse imiterere y'imikorere ya flange, ingano yayo ni yo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhitamo flange mu gihe cyo gushushanya, kubungabunga no kuvugurura sisitemu y'imiyoboro. Ahubwo, hagomba kwitabwaho uburyo flange ihuriramo n'umuyoboro na gasket zikoreshwa kugira ngo ingano irusheho kuba nziza. Uretse ibi, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikunze kwitabwaho ni ibi bikurikira:
- Umurambararo wo hanze: Umurambararo wo hanze ni intera iri hagati y'impande ebyiri zihanganye z'uruhande rw'umurambararo.
- Ubunini: Ubunini bupimirwa uhereye inyuma y'umurambararo.
- Umurambararo w'uruziga rw'umunyururu: Iyi ni intera iri hagati y'imyobo y'umunyururu ipimwa kuva hagati kugeza hagati.
- Ingano y'umuyoboro: Ingano y'umuyoboro ni ingano ijyanye n'umugozi.
- Imbobo yo mu bwoko bwa Nominal: Imbobo yo mu bwoko bwa nominal ni ingano y'umurambararo w'imbere w'umuyoboro w'urukiramende.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya Flange n'urwego rwa serivisi
Impande zishyirwa mu byiciro bitewe ahanini n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bitandukanye. Zigaragazwa hakoreshejwe inyuguti cyangwa inyuguti "#", "lb" cyangwa "class". Izi ni inyuguti zishobora guhindurwa kandi zitandukanye bitewe n'akarere cyangwa umutanga. Ibyiciro bisanzwe bizwi hano hasi:
- 150#
- 300#
- 600#
- 900#
- 1500#
- 2500#
Uburyo bumwe bwo kwihanganira igitutu n'ubushyuhe buhinduka bitewe n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, imiterere y'urukiramende n'ingano y'urukiramende. Ariko, igipimo cyonyine gihoraho ni igipimo cy'igitutu, kigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera.
Ubwoko bw'isura ya Flange
Ubwoko bw'isura nabwo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya nyuma n'igihe cy'akazi k'urukiramende. Kubwibyo, bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'isura z'urukiramende burasesengurwa hano hepfo:
1. Flange igororotse (FF)
Ubuso bw'agasanduku k'icyuma gifunganye buri mu murongo umwe n'ubuso bw'icyuma gifunganye. Ibikoresho bikoresha udusanduku dufunganye akenshi ni ibyakozwe n'udusanduku kugira ngo bihuze n'agasanduku cyangwa igipfundikizo cy'icyuma. Agasanduku gafunganye ntigakwiye gushyirwa ku dusanduku tw'uruhande ruhindukiye. ASME B31.1 ivuga ko iyo uhuza udusanduku tw'icyuma gifunganye n'udusanduku tw'icyuma gifunganye, isura iri hejuru ku dusanduku tw'icyuma gifunganye igomba gukurwaho kandi hagasabwa agasanduku kuzuye. Ibi ni ukugira ngo hirindwe ko udusanduku duto tw'icyuma gifunganye tudakwirakwira mu mwanya ukozwe n'izuru rizamuwe ry'agasanduku k'icyuma gifunganye.
Ubu bwoko bw'isura y'urushundura ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho na za valves ku bikorwa byose aho icyuma gishongeshwa. Icuma gishongeshwa kirakomera kandi gikoreshwa gusa ku bushyuhe buke kandi bufite umuvuduko muto. Isura irambuye yemerera impuzandengo zombi gukorana neza ku buso bwose. Flanges (FF) zifite ubuso bufatanye bungana n'imigozi y'urushundura. Utwuma twoza mu maso twuzuye dukoreshwa hagati y'impuzandengo ebyiri kandi akenshi tuba tworoshye. Dukurikije ASME B31.3, impuzandengo zirambuye ntizigomba guhuzwa n'impuzandengo ziremereye bitewe n'uko zishobora kuva mu gice gishongeshwa.
2. Flange yo hejuru (RF)
Ubwoko bw'urushundura rwo hejuru ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho kandi bworoshye kubimenya. Byitwa convex kuko isura ya gasket iba iri hejuru y'inyuma y'impeta ya bolt. Buri bwoko bw'urushundura busaba gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa gasket, harimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'impeta zirambuye n'ibice by'icyuma nk'ibikomere bizunguruka n'ibice bibiri.
Ibyuma bya RF flanges byagenewe gushyira igitutu kinini ku gace gato ka gasket, bityo bikongera uburyo bwo kugenzura igitutu cy'ingingo. Uburebure n'uburebure ukurikije urwego rw'igitutu n'umurambararo byasobanuwe muri ASME B16.5. Uburebure bw'igitutu cya Flange bugaragaza uburebure bw'isura iri guterurwa. Ibyuma bya RF flanges bigamije gushyira igitutu kinini ku gace gato ka gasket, bityo byongera ubushobozi bwo kugenzura igitutu cy'ingingo. Uburebure n'uburebure ukurikije urwego rw'igitutu n'umurambararo byasobanuwe muri ASME B16.5. Isuzuma ry'ibice bya flange by'igitutu.
3. Umugozi w'impeta (RTJ)
Iyo hakenewe gufunga hagati y’icyuma n’icyuma hagati y’udupira dufatanye (niyo mpamvu ikoreshwa mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ni ukuvuga hejuru ya 700/800 C), hakoreshwa agapira gahuza ibyuma (RTJ).
Urufunguzo rw'impeta rufite umuyoboro uzengurutse ushyiramo gasket y'impeta (imeze nk'uruziga cyangwa uruziga).
Iyo imigozi ibiri y’impeta ifatanye hanyuma igafatwa nk’ingufu, imbaraga z’umugozi zikoreshwa zihindura imiterere ya gasket iri mu mwobo w’umugozi, bigatuma habaho agafunga gakomeye cyane hagati y’icyuma n’icyuma. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ibikoresho bya gasket y’impeta bigomba kuba byoroshye (bifite uburebure burenze) kurusha ibikoresho by’imigozi.
Udupira twa RTJ dushobora gufungwa hakoreshejwe gasket za RTJ z'ubwoko butandukanye (R, RX, BX) na profiles (urugero: octagonal/elliptical kuri R).
Gasket ya RTJ ikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ubwoko bwa R bufite igice cya octogonal, kuko ituma habaho agapfundikizo gakomeye cyane (igice cya oval ni cyo cya kera). Ariko, igishushanyo cya "flat groove" cyakira ubwoko bwombi bwa gasket za RTJ zifite igice cya octogonal cyangwa oval.
4. Utunyangingo tw'ururimi n'imiyoboro (T & G)
Uduce tubiri tw’urulimi n’utundi duce (T & G faces) birahuye neza: utwo duce duto dufite impeta izamutse, utwo duce dufite aho duhurira byoroshye (ururimi rujya mu mwobo rugafunga igice).
Utunyangingo tw'ururimi n'imirongo turaboneka mu bunini no mu buto.
5. Ibice by'ingabo n'abagore (M & F)
Kimwe n'udupira tw'ururimi n'imirongo, udupira tw'abagabo n'abagore (ubwoko bw'isura ya M & F) turahuye.
Umugozi umwe ufite agace karenze ubuso bwawo, umugozi w’abagabo, naho undi mugozi ufite uduce duhuye dushyizwe ku buso bw’imbere, umugozi w’abagore.
Irangizwa ry'Ubuso bw'Ikirenge
Kugira ngo flange ifatanye neza na gasket n'urukiramende ruhuza, ubuso bwa flange busaba urwego runaka rw'ubukana (RF na FF flange finishes gusa). Ubwoko bw'ubukana bw'ubuso bwa flange bugena ubwoko bwa "flange finish".
Ubwoko busanzwe ni stock, concentric serrated, spiral serrated na flange faces zoroshye.
Hari ibintu bine by'ibanze byo kurangiza ku mpande z'icyuma, icyakora, intego rusange y'ubwoko bwose bw'impande z'icyuma ni ugukora ubukana bwifuzwa ku mpande z'icyuma kugira ngo habeho guhuza neza hagati y'impande, gasket n'impande zihuza kugira ngo habeho uburinzi bwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-08-2023