Flange ni iki?
Flange kubugufi, gusa ijambo rusange, mubisanzwe bivuga umubiri umeze nkicyuma kimeze nkicyuma kugirango ufungure imyobo mike ihamye, ikoreshwa muguhuza ibindi bintu, ibintu nkibi bikoreshwa cyane mumashini, kuburyo bisa nkibidasanzwe, nkuko igihe cyose bizwi nka flange, izina ryayo rikomoka kumurongo wicyongereza.kugirango umuyoboro hamwe nu muyoboro uhuza ibice, uhujwe nu musozo wumuyoboro, flange ifite aperture, imiyoboro yo gukora flanges ebyiri Zifatanye neza, hagati ya flange na kashe ya gaze.
Flange ni ibice bimeze nka disiki, bikunze kugaragara mubikorwa byubwubatsi, flange ikoreshwa kubiri.
Kubireba ubwoko bwa flange ihuza, hari ibintu bitatu:
- Umuyoboro
- Igikapo
- Guhuza Bolt
Mubihe byinshi, hari gasketi yihariye nibikoresho bya bolt byabonetse bikozwe mubintu bimwe nkibikoresho bya pipe flange.Ibisanzwe cyane ni ibyuma bidafite ingese.Ku rundi ruhande, flanges iraboneka mubikoresho bitandukanye kugirango ubihuze nibisabwa kurubuga.Bimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bya flange ni monel, inconel, na chrome molybdenum, bitewe nibisabwa kurubuga.Guhitamo neza ibikoresho bigomba guterwa nubwoko bwa sisitemu wifuza gukoresha flange hamwe nibisabwa byihariye.
Ubwoko 7 busanzwe bwa Flanges
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa flanges zishobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa kurubuga.Guhuza igishushanyo mbonera cya flange nziza, imikorere yizewe kimwe nigihe kirekire cya serivisi igomba kubaho kandi igiciro gikwiye kigomba gutekerezwa.
1. urudodo rudodo:
Imyenda ihindagurika, ifite urudodo muri bore ya flange, yashyizwemo nududodo two hanze kuri fitingi.Guhuza insanganyamatsiko hano bigamije kwirinda gusudira mubihe byose.Ihujwe cyane cyane nu guhuza insinga n'umuyoboro ugomba gushyirwaho.
2. Sock weld flanges
Ubu bwoko bwa flange busanzwe bukoreshwa kumiyoboro ntoya aho diameter yubushyuhe buke hamwe nakarere k’umuvuduko muke irangwa no guhuza imiyoboro ishyirwa imbere muri flange kugirango harebwe isano ihuza inzira imwe cyangwa inzira nyinshi.Ibi birinda inzitizi zijyanye nimpera zurudodo ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa flanged weld, bityo gukora byoroshye.
3. Kuzunguruka
Lap flange ni ubwoko bwa flange isaba impera ya stub kugirango ihindurwe neza kugirango ikoreshwe hamwe na flange yo gushyigikira kugirango ihuze.Igishushanyo cyatumye ubu buryo bukundwa muri sisitemu zitandukanye aho umwanya wumubiri uba muke, cyangwa aho bisabwa gusenywa kenshi, cyangwa aho bikenewe kurwego rwo hejuru rwo kubungabunga.
4. Kunyerera
Kunyerera flanges birasanzwe cyane kandi biraboneka murwego runini rwubunini kugirango bihuze na sisitemu ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi winjira.Guhuza gusa flange na diameter yo hanze ya pipe ituma ihuza ryoroshye kuyishyiraho.Kwishyiriraho flanges nubuhanga buke kuko bisaba gusudira kuzuza impande zombi kugirango flange igere kumuyoboro.
5. Impumyi
Ubu bwoko bwa flanges bukwiranye no guhagarika sisitemu yo kuvoma.Isahani ihumye ikozwe nka disiki yambaye ubusa ishobora guhindurwa.Iyo bimaze gushyirwaho neza no guhuzwa na gasike ikwiye, itanga kashe nziza kandi byoroshye kuyikuramo mugihe bikenewe.
6. Feldes Neck Flanges
Ijosi ryiziritse risa cyane na lap flanges, ariko bisaba gusudira butt kugirango ushyire.Kandi ubunyangamugayo bwimikorere ya sisitemu nubushobozi bwayo bwo kugunama inshuro nyinshi no gukoreshwa mumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na sisitemu yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bituma ihitamo ryambere muburyo bwo gutunganya inzira.
7. Ibiranga umwihariko
Ubu bwoko bwa flange nibimenyerewe cyane.Nyamara, hari intera nini yinyongera yihariye ya flange iboneka kugirango ihuze imikoreshereze itandukanye nibidukikije.Hariho ubundi buryo butandukanye nka nipo flanges, weldo flanges, kwaguka flanges, orifices, amajosi maremare yo gusudira hamwe no kugabanya flanges.
Ubwoko Bwihariye bwa Flanges
1. WeldoF.lange
Weldo flange isa cyane na Nipo flange kuko ni ihuriro rya butt-welding flanges hamwe nishami rikwiranye.Imyenda ya Weldo ikozwe mu gice kimwe cy'ibyuma bihimbano, aho kuba ibice bimwe bisudira hamwe.
2. Nipo flange
Nipoflange ni umuyoboro wishami uhengamye kuri dogere 90, nigicuruzwa cyakozwe muguhuza flang-butt-welding na Nipolet yahimbwe.Mugihe Nipo flange isanga ari igice kimwe gikomeye cyicyuma gihimbano, ntabwo byumvikana ko aribicuruzwa bibiri bitandukanye byahujwe hamwe.Gushiraho Nipoflange bigizwe no gusudira igice cya Nipolet cyibikoresho kugirango ukore umuyoboro no guhinduranya flange igice kuri stub pipe flange nabakozi bakora.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko flanges ya Nipo iboneka muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho nka karubone, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwa karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hamwe na nikel alloys. Nipo flanges ikorwa ahanini nibihimbano bishimangira, bibafasha kubaha imashini zidasanzwe. imbaraga iyo ugereranije na Nipo flange isanzwe.
3. Elboflange na Latroflange
Elboflange izwi nkikomatanya rya flange na Elbolet mugihe Latroflange izwi nkikomatanya rya flange na Latrolet.Inkokora y'inkokora ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashami kuri dogere 45.
4. Impeta ya Swivel impeta
Gushyira mu bikorwa impeta ya swivel ni ukorohereza guhuza imyobo ya bolt hagati ya flanges ebyiri zombi, ibyo bikaba bifasha cyane mubihe byinshi, nko gushyiraho imiyoboro minini ya diameter, imiyoboro yo mu mazi cyangwa imiyoboro yo hanze hamwe nibidukikije bisa.Ubu bwoko bwa flanges burakwiriye gusaba amazi mumavuta, gaze, hydrocarbone, amazi, imiti nibindi bikoreshwa na peteroli na chimique.
Ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro minini ya diameter, umuyoboro ushyizwemo na flant isanzwe ya weld flange kuruhande rumwe na swivel flange kurundi.Ibi bikora mukuzenguruka gusa swivel flange kumuyoboro kugirango uyikoresha agere guhuza neza imyobo ya bolt muburyo bworoshye kandi bwihuse.
Bimwe mubipimo byingenzi kuri swivel ring flanges ni ASME cyangwa ANSI, DIN, BS, EN, ISO, nibindi.Kimwe mu bipimo bizwi cyane kuri peteroli ikoreshwa ni ANSI cyangwa ASME B16.5 cyangwa ASME B16.47.Swivel flanges ni flanges ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwa flange.Kurugero, gusudira amajosi, kunyerera, guhuzagurika, gusudira sock, nibindi, mubyiciro byose bifatika, muburyo bunini kuva kuri 3/8 "kugeza kuri 60", hamwe nigitutu kuva 150 kugeza 2500. izo flanges zirashobora kuba byoroshye yahimbwe na karubone, ibivanze, hamwe nicyuma.
5. Kwagura flanges
Kwagura flanges, bikoreshwa mukongera ubunini bwa bore yumuyoboro uva kumurongo runaka ujya mukindi kugirango uhuze umuyoboro nibindi bikoresho byose bya mashini nka pompe, compressor, na valve usanga bifite ubunini bwinjira butandukanye.
Kwagura flanges mubisanzwe ni butt-welded flanges ifite umwobo munini cyane kumpera idahinduka.Irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango wongere ubunini bumwe cyangwa bubiri cyangwa kugeza kuri santimetero 4 kuri bore ikora.Ubu bwoko bwa flanges bukundwa kuruta guhuza butt-weld kugabanya na flanges isanzwe kuko bihendutse kandi byoroshye.Kimwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu kwagura flanges ni A105 nicyuma ASTM A182.
Kwagura flanges iraboneka mubipimo byingutu nubunini ukurikije ANSI cyangwa ASME B16.5 ibisobanuro, biboneka cyane cyane convex cyangwa igorofa (RF cyangwa FF).Kugabanya flanges, bizwi kandi nko kugabanya flanges, bikora imirimo itandukanye rwose ugereranije no kwaguka, bivuze ko bikoreshwa mukugabanya ubunini bwa bore.Diameter ya bore yo gukora imiyoboro irashobora kugabanuka byoroshye, ariko ntibirenze ubunini bwa 1 cyangwa 2.Niba hageragejwe kugabanya ibirenze ibi, igisubizo gishingiye ku guhuza kugabanya-gusudira kugabanya na flanges zisanzwe bigomba gukoreshwa.
Ingano ya Flange hamwe nibisanzwe
Usibye igishushanyo mbonera cya flange, ubunini bwacyo nicyo kintu gishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhitamo flange mugushushanya, kubungabunga no kuvugurura sisitemu yo kuvoma.Ahubwo, hagomba kwitabwaho intera ya flange hamwe numuyoboro hamwe na gasketi zikoreshwa kugirango ubunini bukwiye.Usibye ibi, bimwe mubisanzwe ni ibi bikurikira:
- Diameter yo hanze: Diameter yo hanze ni intera iri hagati yimpande ebyiri zinyuranye zo mumaso ya flange.
- Ubunini: Ubunini bupimirwa hanze yuruziga.
- Bolt Circle Diameter: Ubu ni intera iri hagati yumwobo ugereranije ugereranije hagati.
- Ingano yimiyoboro: Ingano yumuyoboro nubunini bujyanye na flange.
- Nominal Bore: Bore nominal nubunini bwa diameter y'imbere ya flange umuhuza.
Urwego rwa Flange Urwego na Serivisi
Flanges ishyirwa mubyiciro cyane cyane kubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana nubushyuhe butandukanye.Byagenwe no gukoresha inyuguti cyangwa inyongera "#", "lb" cyangwa "urwego".Izi ni insimburangingo kandi nazo ziratandukana mukarere cyangwa kubitanga.Ibyiciro bisanzwe bizwi kurutonde hepfo:
- 150 #
- 300 #
- 600 #
- 900 #
- 1500 #
- 2500 #
Umuvuduko umwe hamwe no kwihanganira ubushyuhe biratandukanye bitewe nibikoresho byakoreshejwe, igishushanyo cya flange nubunini bwa flange.Nyamara, icyonyine gihoraho ni igipimo cyumuvuduko, kigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera.
Ubwoko bwa Flange
Ubwoko bw'isura nabwo ni ikintu cyingenzi kiranga gifite ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yanyuma nubuzima bwa serivisi bwa flange.Kubwibyo, bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwimiterere ya flange bwasesenguwe hepfo:
1. Flat Flange (FF)
Ubuso bwa gaze ya flange iringaniye iri mumurongo umwe nubuso bwikadiri.Ibicuruzwa bikoresha flanges isanzwe nibisanzwe bikozwe mubibumbano kugirango bihuze na flange cyangwa flange.Flat flanges ntigomba gushyirwa kumpande zinyuranye.ASME B31.1 ivuga ko mugihe uhujije ibyuma bisize ibyuma byuma bya karubone, isura yazamuye hejuru yicyuma cya karubone igomba gukurwaho kandi hagasabwa gaze yuzuye mumaso.Ibi ni ukurinda ibyuma bito, byoroheje bikozwe mucyuma bitanyerera mu cyuho cyatewe nizuru ryazamuye ibyuma bya karubone.
Ubu bwoko bwa flange isura ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho na valve kubisabwa byose aho ibyuma bikozwe.Ibyuma bishiramo byoroshye kandi bikoreshwa gusa mubushyuhe buke, progaramu yumuvuduko muke.Isura iringaniye yemerera flanges zombi gukora imibonano yuzuye hejuru yubuso bwose.Flat Flanges (FF) ifite ubuso bwo guhuza burebure buringaniye nubudodo bwa bolt ya flange.Gukaraba neza byuzuye bikoreshwa hagati ya flanges ebyiri kandi mubisanzwe byoroshye.Dukurikije ASME B31.3, flanges ntizigomba guhuzwa na flanges hejuru kubera ubushobozi bwo kuva mumyanya yavuyemo.
2. Flange-Face Flange (RF)
Kuzamura isura ya flange nubwoko busanzwe bukoreshwa mubihimbano kandi biramenyekana byoroshye.Yitwa convex kuko isura ya gaze iherereye hejuru yisura yimpeta.Buri bwoko bwo guhangana busaba gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa gasketi, harimo utubuto dutandukanye twerekana impeta hamwe nibyuma nka spiral-igikomere hamwe nuburyo bubiri.
RF flanges yashizweho kugirango yibandeho ingufu zumwanya muto wa gaze, bityo bizamura igenzura ryumuvuduko.diametero n'uburebure kurwego rwumuvuduko na diameter byasobanuwe muri ASME B16.5.Urwego rw'umuvuduko wa flange rugaragaza uburebure bw'isura izamurwa.Ibikoresho bya RF bigamije kwibanda ku kongera ingufu ku gace gato ka gasketi, bityo bikongerera ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umuvuduko w'ingingo. ASME B16.5.Ibipimo by'ingutu.
3. Impeta y'impeta (RTJ)
Iyo hashyizweho kashe y'icyuma hagati yicyuma hagati ya flanges zombi (nicyo gisabwa kugirango umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga hejuru ya 700/800 C °), hakoreshwa impeta ihuriweho (RTJ).
Impeta ifatanije impeta ifite uruziga ruzengurutse impeta ihuriweho (oval cyangwa urukiramende).
Iyo impeta ebyiri zifatanije zifatanyirijwe hamwe hanyuma zigakomera, imbaraga za bolt zikoreshwa zihindura gasketi mumurongo wa flange, bigakora kashe ikomeye cyane yicyuma.Kugirango ibyo bigerweho, ibikoresho byimpeta ihuriweho bigomba kuba byoroshye (bihindagurika cyane) kuruta ibikoresho bya flanges.
RTJ irashobora gufungwa hamwe na gasketi ya RTJ yubwoko butandukanye (R, RX, BX) hamwe na profili (urugero, octagonal / elliptique kubwoko bwa R).
Igicapo gikunze kugaragara kuri RTJ ni ubwoko bwa R hamwe nu mpande enye zingana, kuko butanga kashe ikomeye (oval cross-section ni ubwoko bwa kera).Nyamara, igishushanyo cya "flat groove" cyemera ubwoko bwombi bwa gaseke ya RTJ hamwe na octagonal cyangwa oval cross-section.
4. Indimi na groove flanges (T & G)
Indimi ebyiri na groove flanges (T & G mumaso) bihuye neza: flange imwe ifite impeta yazamuye indi ifite ibinono aho bihurira byoroshye (ururimi rujya mumashanyarazi kandi rufunga ingingo).
Ururimi na groove flanges iraboneka mubunini na bunini.
5. Flanges y'abagabo n'abagore (M & F)
Bisa nururimi na groove flanges, igitsina gabo nigitsina gore (ubwoko bwa M & F bwo mumaso) burahuye.
Ikibumbano kimwe gifite agace karenze ubuso bwacyo, flange yumugabo, naho ubundi flange ifite ihungabana ryakozwe ryakozwe hejuru yubuso, flange yumugore.
Ubuso bwa Flange Kurangiza
Kugirango hamenyekane neza neza flange kuri gasike na flanging yo guhuza, ubuso bwa flange busaba urwego runaka rwo gukomera (RF na FF flange irangiza gusa).Ubwoko bwubugome bwubuso bwa flange busobanura ubwoko bwa "flange kurangiza".
Ubwoko busanzwe ni ububiko, butondekanye, buzunguruka kandi busa neza.
Hano haribintu bine byibanze birangirira kumyuma yicyuma, icyakora, intego rusange yubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kurangiza ni ugukora ubukana bwifuzwa hejuru ya flange kugirango harebwe neza neza hagati ya flange, gasketi na flanging kugirango itange kashe nziza. .
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-08-2023