Gutunga ubushyuhe bivuga inzira yicyuma kirimo ibikoresho bishyushye, bifatwa kandi bikonje muburyo bwo gushyushya leta ikomeye kugirango babone ishyirahamwe numutungo wifuzwa.
I. Guvura ubushyuhe
1, bisanzwe: Ibice by'ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bishyuha ku bushyuhe bukwiye bwo kubungabunga igihe runaka nyuma yo gukonja mu kirere, kugira ngo habeho ubwoko bwa pearlitic bwo gutunganya inzira yo kuvura ubushyuhe.
2, Anneling: Igikorwa cyo kubyuma cya Eutectike gishyushye kuri AC3 hejuru ya AC3 hejuru ya dogere 20-40, nyuma yo gufata mugihe gito (cyangwa ngo ishyingurwe mu mucanga cyangwa ngo ishyingurwe kuri dogere 500 munsi yubukonje bwo kuvura ikirere.
3, ubuvuzi bukomeye bwimuti: Ubukorikori bushyushye kugeza ku bushyuhe bwicyiciro cyo hejuru bwo kubungabunga, kuburyo icyiciro kirenze gishonga mu gisubizo gikomeye, hanyuma gikangishwa byihuse kugirango ubone uburyo bukomeye bwo kuvura indwara.
4.
5, Kuvura neza: ku buryo alloy mu byiciro bitandukanye byuzuye, bishimangira igisubizo gikomeye kandi bikanonosora ibibazo kandi byoroshye gukomeza gutunga.
6, gusaza no kuvurwa no gushyushya no gufata ku bushyuhe bwo kugwa mu cyiciro cyo gushimangira, kugira ngo imvura yo gushimangira icyiciro ishimangire, kunangira, kunangira imbaraga.
7, Quenting: Icyuma gitanga ubukana nyuma yo gukonja ku buryo bukwiye, kugira ngo ukore umurimo mu gice cya bose cyangwa urwego runaka rw'imiterere idahwitse nko guhindura gahunda za burundu.
8, ubushyuhe: Akazi kazimye kazashyuha kumwanya muto wa AC1 munsi yubushyuhe bukwiye mugihe runaka, hanyuma bikambazwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa nuburyo bwifuzwa nimitungo yifuzwa.
9, Karubingo ya Steel Carbone: Carbonetridid ni ahantu hagaragara hejuru yicyuma icyarimwe yongereye uruganda rwa karubone na azote. Carbitride gakondo izwi kandi ku izina rya Gazide, igicucu cya gazi giciriritse no gukomera kwa gazi ya gaze (ni ukuvuga atrocarburings (ni ukuvuga atrocarburings) irakoreshwa cyane. Intego nyamukuru yubushyuhe bwa gazi Hagati nukugiramura ubukana, kwambara imbaraga nimbaraga zumunaniro. Carbone-Ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya gaze kugirango ishingiye kuri Nitride ishingiye, intego nyamukuru ni ukunoza kwambara ibyuma no kuruma.
10, kwivuza ubukana (guhinga no kuramba): Umugenzo rusange uzazimya kandi ukandagira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru uhuza ubushyuhe buzwi no kuvura ububabare. Kuvura ubumuga birakoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byingenzi byuburyo bwingenzi, cyane cyane abakora munsi yimitwaro yo guhuza inkoni, bolts, ibikoresho na shafts. Kubabaza nyuma yo guceceka kugirango tubone umuryango wa OHHNETH TOHNETIITE, ni byiza kuruta gukomera kwa kabiri ryumuryango wa kabiri. Gukomera kwayo biterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwijimye kandi buhamye hamwe nakazi kakazi kambukiranya igice, muri rusange hagati ya HB200-350.
11, Brazing: hamwe nibikoresho bya feza bizaba ubwoko bubiri bwumukozi uhakana gushonga bahuriye hamwe muburyo bwo kuvura buhanga.
II.TAraranga inzira
Guvura ibyuma nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi mubikorwa bya mashini, ugereranije nibindi bikoresho byo gufata, cyangwa muguhindura imiterere yimbere yakazi, cyangwa uhindura imiterere yimikorere yububiko, gutanga cyangwa kunoza ikoreshwa ryimiterere yakazi. Irangwa no gutera imbere mubwiza bwimbere bwakazi, muri rusange ntabwo bigaragara mumaso. Kugirango ukore neza ibyuma hamwe numutungo usabwa, imitungo yumubiri hamwe nimiterere yimiti, usibye guhitamo ibikoresho nuburyo butandukanye bwo kubumba, inzira yo kuvura irakenewe. Icyuma nigikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubukanishi, imiterere yimiterere yicyuma, irashobora kugenzurwa nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe, bityo rero kuvura ubushyuhe bwibyuma nigikorwa nyamukuru cyubuvuzi bwicyuma. Byongeye kandi, aluminium, umuringa, magneyium, Titanium hamwe nayi alloys irashobora kandi kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango uhindure imitungo yayo ya mashini, umubiri na shimi, kugirango ubone imikorere itandukanye.
Iii.TAratunganya
Inzira yo kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange ikubiyemo gushyushya, gufata, gukonjesha bitatu, rimwe na rimwe gushyushya kandi bikonje inzira ebyiri. Izi nzira zirahujwe, ntishobora guhagarikwa.
Gushyushya ni kimwe mu nzira zingenzi zo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwicyuma bwuburyo bwinshi bushyushya, kare cyane ni ugukoresha amakara n'amakara nkisoko yubushyuhe, ikoreshwa rya vuba ryamazi na gaze. Gusaba amashanyarazi bituma gushyushya byoroshye kugenzura, kandi nta myanya y'ibidukikije. Gukoresha ubwonko bwubushyuhe burashobora gushyuha mu buryo butaziguye, ariko nanone binyuze mu munyu washongeshejwe cyangwa ibyuma, kureremba hejuru yo gushyushya bitaziguye.
Icyuma gishyuha, aho ukorera ahagaragara numwuka, okiside, dedrarburisation akenshi bibaho (ni ukuvuga ibikubiye mu bice bya karubone kugirango bigabanye), bigize ingaruka mbi kumiterere yubutaka. Kubwibyo, icyuma kigomba kuba mukirere kigenzurwa cyangwa ikirere kikingira, umunyu washongeshejwe, ariko nanone biboneka ahantu hapakira gushyushya.
Ubushyuhe bukabije ni kimwe mubikorwa byingenzi ibipimo byubushyuhe, gutoranya no kugenzura ubushyuhe bukabije, ni ukugira ngo ireme ry'ubushyuhe bwibibazo by'ingenzi. Gushyushya ubushyuhe biratandukanye nibikoresho byicyuma hamwe nintego yubushyuhe, ariko muri rusange irashyuha hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyiciro kugirango ibone umuryango wubushyuhe. Mubyongeyeho, impinduka zisaba igihe runaka, ubwo rero ubwo buso bwibikorwa byakorewe ibyuma kugirango agere ku bushyuhe busabwa, ariko kandi bugomba gukomeza gukomera kuri ubu bushyuhe, kugirango ubushyuhe bwimbere bwuzuye, buzwi mugihe cyo gufata. Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi zuzuye ingufu zishyuha no kuvura hejuru, igipimo cyo gushyushya kirahuje cyane, mubisanzwe ntamwanya wo gufata, mugihe uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwigihe bushoboka burigihe.
Ubukonje nabwo ni intambwe itavugwa muburyo bwo kuvura butuje, uburyo bukonje bwatewe nibikorwa bitandukanye, cyane cyane kugenzura igipimo gikonje. Igipimo rusange gikonje cyane nicyo gihita, gisanzwe igipimo gikonje cyihuta, kimara igipimo gikonje cyihuta. Ariko kandi kubera ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma kandi bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye, nka steel ibyuma irashobora kuzimya hamwe nigipimo kimwe gikonje nkuko bisanzwe.
IV.Pgutondekanya
Inzira yo kuvura ibyuma irashobora kugabanywa hafi yubushyuhe bwose, kuvura ubushyuhe nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe bwibyiciro bitatu. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya, buko gushyushya ubushyuhe nubukonje bwa bundi, buri cyiciro birashobora gutandukanywa muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibyuma bimwe nkoresheje inzira zitandukanye zubushyuhe, birashobora kubona imiryango itandukanye, bityo zifite imitungo itandukanye. Icyuma na Icyuma nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane munganda, kandi ibikorwa by'icyuma nabyo nicyo kigoye cyane, bityo habaho inzira zitandukanye zo kuvura amande.
Muri rusange kuvura ubushyuhe ni uruvange rusange rwakazi, hanyuma gukonja ku muvuduko ukwiye, kugirango ubone ishyirahamwe risabwa, kugirango uhindure imitungo yacyo muri rusange. Muri rusange kuvura ubushyuhe bwibyuma hafi, bisanzwe, bigabana no gukesha inzira enye shingiro.
Gutunganya bisobanura:
Gukata ni umurimo ushyuha kugeza ubushyuhe bukwiye, ukurikije ibikoresho nubunini bwumurimo ukoresheje umwanya utandukanye, hanyuma ugakonjesha buhoro buhoro, kugirango ugire aho uhinduranya ibikorwa nibikorwa, cyangwa kugirango uhagarike imikorere myiza.
Gusanzwe nikazi kashyushye kugeza ubushyuhe bukwiye nyuma yo gukonja mu kirere, ingaruka zisanzwe zisa no kunoza imikorere yo kugabanya ibintu, ariko rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa kuri bimwe mubice bike bisabwa nkubuvuzi bwa nyuma.
Kuzimya ni akazi gahatiwe kandi kagenzurwa, mumazi, amavuta cyangwa indi myunyururu zidasanzwe, ibisubizo byimirire hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo gutunganya byihuse. Nyuma yo kuzimya, ibice by'icyuma biragoye, ariko icyarimwe bikavunikwa, kugirango ukureho umubumbyi mugihe gikwiye, mubisanzwe ni ngombwa kurambika mugihe gikwiye.
Kugirango ugabanye uburimbane bwibice by'icyuma, ibice bya lieched ku bushyuhe bukwiye hejuru yubushyuhe bwo mucyumba no munsi ya 650 ℃ mugihe kirekire cyo kwishishoza, hanyuma bikonje, iyi nzira yitwa ubushyuhe. Gukamba, bisanzwe, guhindagura, gutsemba ni kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange muri "umuriro ine", aho gutsemba hamwe bifitanye isano rya bugufi, akenshi bikoreshwa muburyo bwiza, bumwe ni ntangarugero. "Umuriro une" hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije n'ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha butandukanye, kandi byahindutse inzira itandukanye y'ubuvuzi. Kugirango ubone imbaraga runaka nubukaze, guhindagurika no kubaramba ku bushyuhe bukabije hamwe na gahunda, bizwi kubwo kuramba. Nyuma ya alloys zimwe na zimwe zirazimiye kugirango zibe igisubizo kidasanzwe, zifunzwe ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyangwa ku bushyuhe buke bwo hejuru mugihe kirekire kugirango utezimbere gukomera, imbaraga, cyangwa amashanyarazi. Inzira yo kuvura ishyushye yitwa gusa kwivuza.
Gutunganya igitutu no kuvura neza kandi bihujwe neza no gukora, kugirango aho ibikorwa bibone imbaraga, ubukaze hamwe nuburyo buzwi nkibikoresho byubushyuhe; Mu kirere kibi-gihuha cyangwa icyuho mubushyuhe buzwi nkibiti byubushyuhe bwa vacuum, bidashobora gutuma imikorere yumurimo nyuma yo kuvura, ariko nanone binyuze mubuyobozi bwa Osmotike kugirango bukorerwe ubushyuhe bwa shimi.
Kuvura ubushyuhe bukabije bwo gushyushya hejuru yumurimo kugirango uhindure imitungo yubutaka bwimikorere yicyuma. Kugirango ushishoze gusa urwego rwo hejuru rwumurimo udafite ubushyuhe bukabije mukazi, gukoresha isoko yubushyuhe bugomba kuba bafite imbaraga nyinshi zakazi, kugirango urwego runini rushobore gutanga ubushyuhe cyangwa buke bushobora kuba umwanya muto cyangwa ako kanya kugirango ugere ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru. Gufata ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwuburyo bwimizingo no kwinjizamo gushyushya ubushyuhe nka oxyrapacetlene cyangwa oxyrapropane cyangwa oxypropane, inducro, laser na electron.
Guvura ubushyuhe bwa chimique ni inzira yo kuvura ibyuma ahindura imiti, imitunganyirize numutungo wubuso bwumurimo. Guvura ubushyuhe bwa shimi biratandukanye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe ibyambere bihindura imiti yimiti yo hejuru yumurimo. Umuti ucuruza imiti ushyirwa ku kazi kirimo karubone, itangazamakuru ry'umunyu cyangwa ibindi bintu bivuguruye byo mu gushyuha, ubwo buryo bwo hejuru, alliggen, boron na chromium n'ibindi bintu. Nyuma yo kwambukiranya ibintu, kandi rimwe na rimwe hagira ikindi gikorwa cyo kuvura ubushyuhe nko kumara no kubarana. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura imiti ni ubwato, nitridid, kwinjira.
Guvura ubushyuhe nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi muburyo bwo gukora ibice bya mashini na molds. Muri rusange, birashobora kwemeza no kunoza imitungo itandukanye yumurimo, nko kwambara ibintu byo kurwanya, kurwanya ruswa. Irashobora kandi kunoza imitunganyirize yubusa nubushake, kugirango byorohereze ibintu bitandukanye nubukonje.
Kurugero: White SATT Icyuma nyuma yigihe kinini cyo kwivuza gishobora kuboneka kuvuka ibyuma, binoza plastike; ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura buke, ubuzima bwa serivisi burashobora kuba burenze ibijyanye nibikoresho bivurwa cyangwa ibihe byinshi; Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bihendutse bya karubone binyuze mu gucapa ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigize ibyuma bihenze, birashobora gusimbuza ibyuma birwanya ibyuma birwanya, ibyuma bidafite ishingiro; Ibibumba kandi bipfuye hafi ya byose bigomba kunyuramo ubushyuhe burashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yubuvuzi bwubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwiyongera
I. Ubwoko bwa Anneling
Gukata ni inzira yo kuvura ubushyuhe aho umurimo uhatiwe ubushyuhe bukwiye, wafashwe mugihe runaka, hanyuma bikonje buhoro.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimikorere ya steel ibyuma, ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: imwe iri ku bushyuhe bukomeye (AC3) hejuru ya Anneliallisation, harimo no gukomera, emogenialisation anneivel (nibindi .; Ibindi biri munsi yubushyuhe bukomeye bwo gukomera, harimo gusubiramo no guhagarika anneling anneling, nibindi.
1, byuzuye kandi byuzuye annethermal
Kudashira burundu, bizwi kandi nka Recrystallisation, muri rusange bivugwa ko ari ugukoresha, ni ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma birebire bimaze gutanga ubukonje burundu nyuma yo gukonjesha burundu, kugirango habeho uburinganire busanzwe. Uku kudakoresha cyane cyane kubigize sub-eutectique ya karubone zitandukanye na alloy ibyuma binyuramo, imibanire hamwe numwirondoro ushyushye, kandi rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe na rimwe zikoreshwa mugusumura. Mubisanzwe nkibintu byinshi ntabwo biremereye ibikorwa byakazi byanyuma, cyangwa nkibikorwa byabanjirije ubushyuhe bwakazi.
2, umupira
Gutanga Spheroidal bikoreshwa cyane cyane kubice byinshi bya karubone hamwe nicyuma cyibikoresho (nko gukora ibikoresho byo kumpamyabumenyi, ibipimo byibikoresho byo kumpamyabumenyi, imigezi, ibishushanyo bikoreshwa mubyuma). Intego nyamukuru yayo ni ukugabanya ubukana, kunoza ubunebwe, kandi witegure kumara ejo hazaza.
3, guhangayikishwa no guhagarika umutima
Guhangayikishwa no gutabara, bizwi kandi ku nkomyi-hasi-anneling (cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bukoreshwa cyane mu gukuraho ibihingwa, kubabazwa, ibikururwa, ibice bishyushye hamwe nibindi bishimangira. Niba ibi bihindagurika bidakurwaho, bizatera ibyuma nyuma yigihe runaka, cyangwa mugikorwa cyakurikiyeho kugirango utange ibitekerezo cyangwa ibice.
4.
II.Gukangura, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukonjesha ni brine, amazi n'amavuta.
Amazi yumunyu uzingamira ibikorwa, byoroshye kubona ubunini bukabije nubuso bwiza, ntabwo byoroshye kubyara ibintu byoroshye, ariko biroroshye gutuma ubumuga bworoshye bugoye, ndetse buroroshye no guturika. Gukoresha amavuta nkibisanzwe bikwiranye gusa kumutekano wa Austenite supercooled ni manini cyane muri aly steel steel cyangwa ubunini buke bwibikorwa bya karubone.
Iii.Intego yo gutura
1, kugabanya umunyoni, ukureho cyangwa ugabanye imihangayiko yimbere, ibyuma byimbere hari byinshi byimbere hamwe nubusambanyi, nkubushake bukunze gukora uburyo bwo kwisiga cyangwa no gucika intege.
2, kugirango ubone imitungo isabwa kukazi, aho ukorera nyuma yo guhirika ubukana bwinshi nubusa, kugirango ugaragaze ibisabwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kugabanya uburambe bwabikenewe, plastike.
3, Guhungabana ubunini bwakazi
4, for annealing is difficult to soften certain alloy steels, in the quenching (or normalizing) is often used after high-temperature tempering, so that the steel carbide appropriate aggregation, the hardness will be reduced, in order to facilitate cutting and processing.
Ibitekerezo by'inyongera
1, anneling: bivuga ibikoresho by'icyuma bishyuha ku bushyuhe bukwiye, bikomeza igihe runaka, hanyuma bukabaho buhoro buhoro bukonje. Inzira rusange yo guhuriza hamwe ni: Gusubiramo Annelisation, Gutabara Guhungabana, gukomera kwa spheroidal, kunoza imihangayiko, kugirango ugabanye imiti yimari, cyangwa kugirango ugabanye imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa ngo ugabanye imiti yimari, cyangwa kubuvuzi bwa nyuma kugirango umuryango witeguye.
2, ibisanzwe: bivuga ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bishyuha cyangwa (ibyuma ku ngingo ikomeye yubushyuhe) hejuru, 30 ~ 50 ℃ kugirango ikomeze igihe gikwiye cyo kuvura ikirere. Intego yo Gusanzwe: Ahanini kugirango utezimbere imitungo ya karubone yo hasi, kunoza imirongo no gutegereze, Kurandura ingano, kugirango ukuraho inenge zumuteguro, kuko ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo gutegura ishyirahamwe.
3, Qienting: bivuga ibyuma bishyuha kuri AC3 cyangwa AC1 (ibyuma munsi yubushyuhe) hejuru yubushyuhe bumwe, hanyuma bikomeza imitunganyirize ikonje, kugirango ubone imitunganyirize yo gukonjesha. Inzira zisanzwe zigenda zizimya, zigabanuka risanzwe, riciriritse. Intego yo kuyiziza: Kugira ngo ibice by'ibyuma bisabwa kugira ngo ubone iwambere, kuzamura uburemere bw'akazi, imbaraga na mabye, kubera ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo gutegura neza umuryango.
4. Inzira zisanzwe zo gutsemba ni: ubushyuhe-buke burarira, ubushyuhe buciriritse, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutsemba no gukurura cyane.
Intego y'ubushake: cyane cyane kugirango ukureho imihangayiko ikozwe nicyuma mu kuyizinga, kugirango ibyuma bigire ubukana buhebuje kandi gifite ubuhanga bukenewe.
5, kubarana: bivuga ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bimara kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutsemba inzira yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ikoreshwa muguhangana nubushyuhe bwibyuma bita ibyuma. Muri rusange bivuga ibyuma bito bya karubone na karubone yo hagati
6, Carburizing: Carburizing nigikorwa cyo gutuma atome ya karuboni yinjira murwego rwo hejuru yicyuma. Ugomba kandi gutuma habaho ibyuma bike bya karubone bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwibyuma binini, hanyuma nyuma yo gukabya no kwambara ubushyuhe bwinshi, mugihe igice cyo hejuru cyakazi gikomeza ubukana na plastike ya karubone.
UBURYO
Kuberako ibikorwa byo gushyushya kandi gukonjesha byibyuma bisaba icumi cyangwa byinshi mubikorwa byo kurangiza. Ibi bikorwa bikorwa mu itanura rivura rya vacuum, umukoresha ntashobora kwiyegereza, bityo urwego rwo kwikora ku itanura ry'ubushyuhe rya vacuum risabwa kuba hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, ibikorwa bimwe, nko gushyushya no gufata iherezo ryibyuma bikora ibikorwa byakazi bimaze gutanga akazi bigomba kuba ibikorwa bitandatu, birindwi kandi bikangizwa mumasegonda 15. Ibihe nkibi kugirango urangize ibikorwa byinshi, biroroshye gutera ubwoba bwo guhagarika umutima kandi bigize intege nke. Kubwibyo, urwego rwo hejuru rushobora kuba rushobora kuba kandi guhuza mugihe dukurikije gahunda.
Gufata ubushyuhe bwa vacuum bikozwe mu itanura ryafunzwe, kavukire ikomeye ya vacuum irazwi. Kubwibyo, kugirango ubone kandi ukurikize ku kigero cy'umwuka wambere cyitanura, kugirango umenye neza ko icyuho cyitanura cya vacuum, kugirango ireme ryibice ubushyuhe bwa vacuum ifite akamaro kanini. Ikibazo cyingenzi cyitanura rya vacuum ni ukugira imiterere yizewe ya vacuum. Kugirango habeho imikorere ya vacuum yitanura rya vacuum, igishushanyo mbonera cyurubuga rwurubuga rugomba gukurikiza isuno yibanze, mugihe umurambo watanura gake kugirango ufungure cyangwa utarakingura kugirango ufungure amahirwe, kugirango ufungure umwobo. Yashyizwe mu itanura ry'uruhu, ibikoresho, nka electrode y'amazi, igikoresho cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nacyo kigomba no kuba cyateguwe kugirango gishyireho imiterere.
Ibikoresho byinshi byo gushyushya no kubireba birashobora gukoreshwa gusa mu cyuho. Ibikoresho byo kuvura ubushyuhe bishyushya kandi ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buri mubirori byubushyuhe, bityo ibyo bikoresho byongera kurwanya ubushyuhe, imirasire yimirasire, imikorere yubushyuhe nibindi bisabwa. Ibisabwa byo kurwanya okiside ntabwo ari hejuru. Kubwibyo, itanura ryubushyuhe bwa vacuum ryakoreshejwe cyane cyane tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum nigishushanyo cyo gushyushya ibikoresho bishyuha kandi bifite ubushyuhe. Ibi bikoresho biroroshye cyane kurira muburyo bwikirere rero, itanura risanzwe ryubushyuhe ntirishobora gukoresha ibi bikoresho bishyushya kandi byikiliki.
Igikoresho gikonje cyamazi: Itanura ryubushyuhe bwa vacuum, itanura ritwikiriye, amashanyarazi akonje, hagati yamazi yubushyuhe bwumuryango hamwe nibindi bigize, biri mumirimo yubushyuhe. Gukora mubihe nkibi bitameze neza, bigomba kwemerwa ko imiterere ya buri gice idahinduwe cyangwa yangiritse, kandi kashe ya vacuum ntabwo yuzuye cyangwa yatwitse. Kubwibyo, buri kintu kigomba gushyirwaho ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye ibikoresho byo gukonjesha amazi kugirango itanura ryubushyuhe rya vacuum rishobora gukora mubisanzwe kandi rifite ubuzima bukoreshwa bihagije kandi bufite ubuzima bukoreshwa bihagije kandi bufite ubuzima bukoreshwa bihagije.
Gukoresha voltage-voltage-voltage ndende-igezweho: Igikoresho cya vacuum, mugihe impamyabumenyi ya vacuum ya rezo ya LXLO-1 Torr, ibikoresho byumuyobozi wa ingufu muri vollesonon. Mu itanura rito ricuruza ubushyuhe, gusohora kwa Arc bizatwika ibintu byo gushyushya amashanyarazi, kugira ngo bitera impanuka ikomeye n'ibihombo. Kubwibyo, itanura ryubushyuhe bwa vacuum ashyushya amashanyarazi gukora voltage muri rusange ntabwo ari alv. Mugihe kimwe mumiterere yububiko bwamashanyarazi igishushanyo kugirango ufate ingamba zifatika, nko kugerageza kwirinda kugira isonga ryibice, intera ya electrode hagati ya electrode ntishobora kuba nto cyane, kugirango irinde igisekuru gikomeye, kugirango kubuza igisekuru cyo gusohora cyangwa arc.
Ubushyuhe
Ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byumurimo, ukurikije ubushyuhe butandukanye bwubushyuhe, birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bukurikira bwo kurambagiza:
(a) Ubushyuhe buke-ubushyuhe (150-250)
Ubushyuhe buke burababaje ishyirahamwe ryavuyemo kubarindwa. Intego yacyo ni ugukomeza gukomera kwinshi no kwambara cyane kubyuma byazimijwe munsi yo kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere nubusambanyi, kugirango twirinde guswera cyangwa kwangirika imburagihe mugihe cyo gukoresha. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubikoresho bitandukanye byo gukata karubone, imiyoboro, ikurura-ikonje irapfa, ibikoresho bizunguruka nibice byo gukandagira, nibindi 5-64.
(ii) Ubushyuhe bwo hagati Uburira (dogere 250-500)
Ubushyuhe Hagati yubushyuhe bwumuryango wumubiri wa quartz. Intego yacyo ni ukubona imbaraga zitanga umusaruro mwinshi, imipaka ya elastique no gukomera gukomeye. Kubwibyo, bikoreshwa cyane cyane kumasoko atandukanye nibikorwa bishyushye bitunganya, ubukana ubukana nubusanzwe HRC35-50.
(C) ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubushyuhe (500-650)
Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutsemba ishyirahamwe kuri myhmy yonyine. Guhagarika ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwahujije ubushyuhe buzwiho kuba buke buzwi, intego yacyo ni ukubona imbaraga, gukomera no gukomera, gukomera, gukomera ni byiza muri rusange. Kubwibyo, bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, romoruki, ibikoresho byimashini nibindi bice byingenzi byuburyo, nko guhuza inkoni, bolts, ibikoresho na shafe. Gukomera nyuma yo kuramba muri rusange HB200-330.
Gukumira
Gusobanura neza uburyo bwo guhindura abantu akenshi bitera akenshi bigorana, ariko dusaba amategeko yo guhindura, dusesengure ibitera, dukoresheje uburyo butandukanye kugirango tugabanye ibikorwa bya mold turashobora kugabanya, ariko nanone tubigenzura. Muri rusange, kuvura ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ibishushanyo bya Mold birashobora gufata uburyo bukurikira bwo gukumira.
(1) Guhitamo ibintu neza. Ibibumba byateguwe bigomba gutorekanya ibintu byiza bya microdeformation ya mold ibyuma (nko gutandukanya ibyuma bikomeye bigomba kuba ibyuma bikomeye bigomba kuba ibyuma bikomeye bigomba kuba ibyuma bifatika, binini kandi ntibishobora guhorwa ibyuma bikaba bishobora kuba umusaruro unoze uburyo bunoze bunoze.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Byongeye kandi, imikorere ikora neza yubushyuhe (nko gucomeka, uburyo bwo gukosora, uburyo bwo gushyushya ubushyuhe bugomba no kugabanya icyerekezo cyo gukonjesha no kugabanya ibikorwa byasobanuwe kandi bigoye nabyo.
Ubuso bumaze no kuvura ubushyuhe busanzwe bukorwa no kwishyuza cyangwa gushyushya. Ibipimo nyamukuru bya tekiniki ni ugukomera, gukomera kwaho hamwe nubujyakuzimu bukomeye. Kwipimisha gukomeye birashobora gukoreshwa vickers gukomera, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa urutare cyangwa hejuru ya rockwell gusuzugura. Guhitamo imbaraga zipimisha (igipimo) bifitanye isano nubujyakuzimu bwimikorere ifatika nubuso bwakazi. Ubwoko butatu bwa testers bukomeye burimo hano.
Ubwa mbere, abaskuge bikomeye ni uburyo bwingenzi bwo kwipimisha ubuso bwakazi-ubushyuhe, birashobora kuba hejuru, kandi birashoboka ko ari hejuru, kandi birashobora gutandukanya ubunini bwa 0.05m. Byongeye kandi, ubujyakuzimu bwimikorere ifatika igomba no kugaragara na vickers gukomera, kuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa umubare munini ukoresheje ibikorwa byo kuvura ubushyuhe, bifite ibikoresho bikomeye bikenewe.
Icya kabiri, hejuru ya rockwell gukomera tester nanone birakwiriye cyane kugerageza gukomera kwakazi kanini cyane, hejuru ya rockwell gukomera, iminza mikuru yo guhitamo. Irashobora kugerageza ubujyakuzimu bukomeye burenze 0.1m yakazi gakomeye. Nubwo hejuru ya rockwell gupima ubukana ntabwo ari hejuru nka vickers gukomeza gusuzugura, ariko mugihe ubuyobozi butanga ubushyuhe nubugenzuzi bwubushyuhe nubugenzuzi bwujuje ibyangombwa byo kumenya, byashoboye guhaza ibisabwa. Byongeye kandi, ifite kandi imikorere yoroshye, byoroshye gukoresha, igiciro gito, gupima byihuse, gukoresha byihuse, gukoresha hejuru yubushyuhe burashobora kuba icyiciro cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwihuse kandi kidasenya. Ibi ni ngombwa kubihingwa byo gutunganya ibyuma no gukora imashini.
Icya gatatu, iyo ubushyuhe bukabije bwo kuvura urwego runini ni umubyimba, nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa gukomera gukomeye. Iyo kuvura ubushyuhe bukomeye igice cya 0.4 ~ 0.8mm, birashobora gukoreshwa igipimo cya HRA, mugihe ubunini burenze 0,8mm, burashobora gukoreshwa igipimo cya HRC.
Vickers, Rockwell na Subsowell ubwoko butatu bwubwoko bukomeye burashobora guhinduka byoroshye, byahinduwe mubipimo, ibishushanyo cyangwa umukoresha ukeneye agaciro gakomeye. Imbonerahamwe ijyanye no guhinduka itangwa mumahanga mpuzamahanga iso, Astm y'Abanyamerika n'Igishinwa gisanzwe GB / T.
Hanze cyane
Ibice niba ibisabwa muriho bisabwa byiyongera, biboneka bihujwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwibanze, ibice nkibi bikunze gushira ahantu hakaba ahantu habintuho kuvura ubushyuhe hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera. Gupima ibice bigomba gukorwa ahantu hagenwe. Ibikoresho byo gupima bikomeye birashobora gukoreshwa gukomera gukomeye testerness testerness, ikizamini cya HRC agaciro katoroshye, nko kuvura ubushyuhe bigoramye ni bike, birashobora gukoreshwa hejuru, harashobora gukoreshwa hejuru ya rockswell.
Kuvura ubushyuhe bwa chimique
Guvura ubushyuhe bwa chimique ni ugukora ubuso bwimikorere yimikorere imwe cyangwa myinshi yibikoresho bya atome, kugirango uhindure imiti, imitunganyirize n'imikorere yubuso bwakazi. Nyuma yo kuzimya ubushyuhe buke, ubuso bwakazi bufite ubukana buhebuje, yambara imbaraga no kuvugana n'imbaraga z'umunani, mugihe ishingiro ryakazi rifite akamaro gakomeye.
Ukurikije ibyavuzwe haruguru, gutahura no gufata amajwi yubushyuhe muburyo bwo kuvura bushyushye nibyingenzi, kandi kugenzura ubushyuhe buke cyane kubicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, kumenya ubushyuhe ni ngombwa cyane, ubushyuhe murwego rwose nabwo ni ingenzi cyane, bikavamo isesengura ryubushyuhe bugomba kwandikwa ku mpinduka zubushyuhe, ariko kandi zorohereza isesengura ryubushyuhe, ahubwo rishobora no kubona igihe ubushyuhe butujuje ibisabwa. Ibi bizagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubushyuhe mugihe kizaza.
Uburyo bwo gukora
1, sukura urubuga rwakazi, reba niba amashanyarazi, gupima ibikoresho hamwe nibisobanuro bitandukanye nibisanzwe, kandi niba isoko y'amazi yoroshye.
2, abakora bagomba kwambara ibikoresho byiza byo kurinda umurimo, bitabaye ibyo bizaba ari bibi.
3, fungura imbaraga zo kugenzura isi yose, ukurikije ibisabwa bya tekiniki byibikoresho byatangaga ibice byuburebure bugwa no kugwa, kugirango ugwe ubuzima bwibikoresho nibikoresho.
4, kwitondera itanura ryubushyuhe nubukuru bwihuta bwa mesh
5, kwitondera ubushyuhe bwamatanda nubushyuhe bwa mesh
6, mu kazi bigomba gukomera ku mwanya.
7, gushiraho ibikoresho bikenewe byuburabyo, kandi umenyereye uburyo bwo gukoresha no gufata neza.
8, mugihe uhagaritse imashini, dukwiye kugenzura ko impande zose zigenzura ziri muri leta, hanyuma ufunga isi yose.
Kwishyurwa
Kuva kumunwa utoroshye ibikoresho bikurura ibice birashobora kugaragara nyuma yo kwizihiza mikorobe. Ariko kugirango umenye urwego nyarwo rwo kwishimira rugomba kureba ibikorwa. Niba mu muryango wa GCR15 utanga ibyuma mu isura ya Coarse Coursitite ya Martintite, irimo kumara umuryango uhebye. Impamvu yo gushiraho ubushyuhe bukabije burashobora kuba hejuru cyangwa gushyushya no gufata igihe birebire birebire cyane. Birashobora kandi kubera umuryango wambere witsinda ryigituba, mukarere gake ka karubone hagati yitsinda ryabandi gukora inshinge ryabarindwa ryaho, bikavamo kwishyurwa. Austeteite mu ishyirahamwe rikabije ryiyongera, kandi umutekano ugabanuka. Kubera ubwinshi bwumuryango umaze kumera, inyamanswa yicyuma ni coarse, izatera kugabanuka mubunini bwibice, kugabanywa bigabanuka, kandi ubuzima bwo kubyara bwagabanutse. Ibyishimo bikabije birashobora no gutera imirongo.
Gutunga
Ubushyuhe bworoshye ni ugukonjesha cyangwa gukonjesha bizatanga umusaruro urenze umuryango wa Torrrunite usanzwe muri mikorobe, bituma habaho gukomera, bigira ingaruka ku miterere yo guhatirwa.
Guhagarika
Uruziga rwaranze muburyo bwo kuzimya no gukonjesha kubera imihangayiko yimbere yashizweho yashizweho byinjira byitwa Craentching. Impamvu zitera intara nkizo ni: Kubera kuzimya ubushyuhe bukabije ni hejuru cyane cyangwa ubukonje ni ibintu byihuse cyane, imihangayiko nini cyane mumitunganyirize iruta imbaraga zicyuma; Ubuso bwakazi bwuzuye (nko hejuru cyangwa ibishushanyo) cyangwa inenge yimbere mubyuma (nko gukubita, ibisigazwa byera, ibisigazwa byera, nibindi) Mubyifuzo bya Stress; Gutanga ubuso bukabije no gutandukanya karuba; ibice byazimye nyuma yo gukangurira idahagije cyangwa bidatinze; Imihangayiko ikonje yatewe nuburyo bwabanjirije ni binini cyane, ihimbana hejuru, guhindukira cyane, amavuta yo guhagarika amavuta atya. Muri make, icyateye guhagarika ibice birashobora kuba kimwe cyangwa byinshi mubintu byavuzwe haruguru, kuba hari imihangayiko yimbere nimpamvu nyamukuru yo gushiraho ibice bimara. Guhagarika ibice ni byimbitse kandi byoroshye, hamwe no kuvunika neza kandi nta ibara ryamabara riva hejuru. Akenshi ni ibintu birebire bikonjesha cyangwa gucika impeta yambaye kuri colla ya birebire; Imiterere kumupira wo kubyara ni shusho, t-shusho cyangwa impeta. Ibiranga imitunganyirize yo kumeneka ntabwo ari demanburisation kumpande zombi zituruka, zitandukanya neza kubahirizwa ibitangira kandi bikaducemo.
Ubushyuhe bwo Kuvura Ubushyuhe
Nachi bitwaje ibice mubuvuzi, hari imihangayiko yubushyuhe nubushake bwumuteguro, iyi mihangayiko yimbere irashobora kurengana nubushyuhe bwo gushyuha cyangwa igice, imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yibice, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yubukonje, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yimiterere, bityo imiterere yubukonje Menya kandi umenyeshe amategeko agenga ibice bitera (nka oval ya cola, ingano hejuru, nibindi) yashyizwe kumurongo ugenzurwa, afasha umusaruro. Birumvikana, muburyo bwo kuvura bukwirakwiza bwo kugongana nacyo bizakora ibice, ariko iri miburi irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere kugabanya no kwirinda.
Gutanga ubuso
Ibikoresho bizunguruka biremereye ibice byubushyuhe, niba bishyushye muburyo bwa okiside, ubuso buzaba impfizi kugirango ibice byubuso bwa karubone bugabanutse, bikaviramo kugabanuka hejuru. Ubujyakuzimu bwa decarburisation igice kirenze gutunganya nyuma yo kugumya kugumana bizatuma ibice byakuweho. Kugena ubujyakuzimu bwibipimo byo hejuru mu gusuzuma ibyuma bya Metchloraphic habonetse uburyo bwa Microhards. Ikwirakwizwa rya Microhardness umurongo wubutaka rishingiye ku buryo bwo gupima, kandi rishobora gukoreshwa nkigipimo cy'ubukemurampaka.
Ahantu heza
Bitewe no gushyuha bidahagije, gukonjesha gukonjesha, ibikorwa bihabisha byatewe no gukomera kwinshi kwibice biremereye ntabwo bihagije ibintu bihagije bizwi nko gutanga ahantu heza. Nukuntu decarburtisation yubutaka ishobora gutera kugabanuka gukomeye kwambara imbaraga no kunaniza.
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-05-2023