Intego y'ibikoresho byo gusiga
Gusiga irangi ku buso bw'inyuma bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ingese. Ingese ku buso bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yayo, ubwiza bwayo, n'isura yayo. Bityo, inzira yo gusiga irangi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza rusange bw'ibicuruzwa by'imiyoboro y'icyuma.
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Ibisabwa ku bikoresho byo gusiga
Nk’uko biteganywa n’amahame yashyizweho n’Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe peteroli, imiyoboro y’icyuma igomba kwirinda ingese mu gihe cy’amezi atatu. Ariko, icyifuzo cy’igihe kirekire cyo kurwanya ingese cyariyongereye, aho abayikoresha benshi bakenera kwirinda ingese mu gihe cy’amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 mu gihe cyo kubika hanze. Uretse kuba bisaba igihe kirekire, abayikoresha biteze ko irangi rigumana ubuso bwiza, ndetse n’ibintu birwanya ingese bitabaye ngombwa ko bicika cyangwa ngo bitonyanga bishobora kugira ingaruka ku isura.
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Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gusiga n'ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo
Mu miyoboro y'imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka mu mijyi,imiyoboro y'icyumazikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara gazi, peteroli, amazi n'ibindi. Ibyuma byo gusiga iyi miyoboro byahindutse kuva ku bikoresho gakondo bya asphalt bijya kuri polyethylene resin na epoxy resin. Gukoresha ibyuma byo gusiga polyethylene resin byatangiye mu myaka ya 1980, kandi hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, ibice n'imikorere yo gusiga byagiye bitera imbere buhoro buhoro.
3.1 Gusiga amavuta ya Asphalt
Igitambaro cya asphalt gikozwe muri peteroli, urwego rusanzwe rurwanya kwangirika, rugizwe n'ibice bya asphalt bikozwe muri peteroli, bikomejwe n'igitambaro cya fiberglass hamwe n'agapira ka polyvinyl chloride gakingira inyuma. Gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda amazi, gufata neza ubuso butandukanye, no kugabanya ikiguzi. Ariko, gifite ingorane zirimo kubangamirwa n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe, kuba gicika intege mu bushyuhe buke, no kuba gikunda gusaza no kwangirika, cyane cyane mu butaka bw'amabuye, bigasaba ingamba z'inyongera zo kuburinda no kwiyongera kw'ibiciro.
3.2 Gusiga irangi rya tar epoxy ku makara
Epoxy y'ikaramu y'amakara, ikozwe muri epoxy resin na asphalt y'ikaramu y'amakara, irangwa no kurwanya amazi n'imiti, irwanya ingese, ifata neza, ifite imbaraga za mekanike, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira. Ariko, ikenera igihe kirekire cyo kuyihagarika nyuma yo kuyikoresha, bigatuma ishobora guhura n'ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku miterere y'ikirere muri iki gihe. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bitandukanye bikoreshwa muri ubu buryo bwo gusiga bikeneye ububiko bwihariye, bigatanga ikiguzi.
3.3 Ifu ya Epoxy yo gusiga
Ifu ya epoxy yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu myaka ya 1960, ikubiyemo gutera ifu ku buso bw'imiyoboro yatunganyijwe mbere n'iyashyushywe mbere, igakora urwego runini rurwanya kwangirika. Ibyiza byayo birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi (-60°C kugeza 100°C), gufatana neza, kurwanya kwangirika kwa cathodic, ingaruka, koroherana, no kwangirika kwa solder. Ariko, filime yayo nto ituma ishobora kwangirika kandi isaba tekiniki zihambaye zo gukora n'ibikoresho, bigatera imbogamizi mu gukoresha mu murima. Nubwo ikora neza mu bintu byinshi, ntabwo ihagije ugereranije na polyethylene mu kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurinda kwangirika muri rusange.
3.4 Polyethylene Irinda kwangirika
Polyethylene itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka mbi cyane ndetse no gukomera cyane hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu turere dukonje nk'u Burusiya n'Uburengerazuba bw'u Burayi ku miyoboro bitewe n'uko irushaho koroha no guhangana n’ingaruka mbi, cyane cyane mu bushyuhe buke. Ariko, haracyari imbogamizi mu ikoreshwa ryayo ku miyoboro minini, aho ishobora kwangirika, kandi amazi akagera ku butaka bw'igitambaro, bigasaba ubushakashatsi bwisumbuyeho no kunoza ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha.
3.5 Ingufu zikomeye zo kurwanya ingese
Udupfukanto dukomeye two kurwanya ingese dutanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bwinshi ugereranije n’udupfukanto dusanzwe. Dutanga umusaruro mu gihe kirekire ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye, aho ubuzima bumara imyaka irenga 10 kugeza kuri 15 mu bidukikije birimo imiti, amazi yo mu nyanja, n’ibintu bishongesha, ndetse n’imyaka irenga 5 mu bidukikije birimo aside, alkaline, cyangwa umunyu. Udupfukanto dusanzwe dufite ubunini bw’agace k’umunyu buri hagati ya 200μm na 2000μm, bigatuma habaho uburinzi n’uburamba. Dukoreshwa cyane mu nyubako z’amazi yo mu nyanja, ibikoresho bya chimique, ibigega byo kubikamo ibintu, n’imiyoboro.
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Ibibazo Bikunze Kubaho ku Bikoresho Bikoreshwa mu Gusiga
Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ku birebana n'imyambaro birimo gukoresha ibintu bitandukanye, gutonyanga kw'ibintu birwanya kwangirika, no kurema uduheri.
(1) Gusiga irangi ritaringaniye: Gukwirakwiza ibintu birwanya kwangirika ku buso bw'umuyoboro bitera ahantu hafite ubugari bukabije bw'irangi, bigatera kwangirika, mu gihe ahantu hato cyangwa hatarangiritse bigabanya ubushobozi bw'umuyoboro bwo kurwanya kwangirika.
(2) Gutonyanga kw'ibintu birwanya kwangirika: Iki kintu, aho ibintu birwanya kwangirika bikomera bisa n'ibitonyanga ku buso bw'umuyoboro, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza mu gihe bitagize ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kurwanya kwangirika.
(3) Imiterere y'udupfundo: Umwotsi ufungiye mu kintu kirwanya kwangirika mu gihe cyo gukoresha udupfundo utera udupfundo ku buso bw'umuyoboro, bigira ingaruka ku isura no ku buryo bwo gutwikira.
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Isesengura ry'ibibazo by'ubwiza bw'imyambaro
Ikibazo cyose giterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye, giterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye; kandi umuyoboro w'icyuma ugaragazwa n'ubwiza bw'ikibazo nawo ushobora kuba uruvange rw'ibintu byinshi. Impamvu zitera gusiga ibisate bitangana zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri, bumwe ni ikintu kidangana giterwa no gutera imiti nyuma y'uko umuyoboro w'icyuma winjiriye mu gasanduku ko gutera imiti; ubwa kabiri ni ikintu kidangana giterwa no kudatera imiti.
Impamvu y’ibyabaye mbere iragaragara neza, ku bikoresho byo gusiga iyo umuyoboro w’icyuma winjijwe mu gasanduku ko gusiga muri dogere 360 hafi y’imbunda 6 zose (umurongo w’isanduku ufite imbunda 12) zo gutera. Niba buri mbunda iterwa mu buryo butandukanye n’ingano yayo, bizatuma habaho ikwirakwizwa ritaringaniye ry’ibintu birwanya uburozi mu buso butandukanye bw’umuyoboro w’icyuma.
Impamvu ya kabiri ni uko hari izindi mpamvu zitera ikibazo cyo gutwikira ibintu mu buryo butari bumwe uretse gusasa. Hari ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, nko gushonga kw'imiyoboro y'icyuma, ubukana, ku buryo gutwikira bigorana gukwirakwira ku buryo bungana; ubuso bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma bufite igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi gisigara inyuma iyo emulsion, kuri iyi nshuro yo gutwikira bitewe no gukorana na emulsion, ku buryo ibisigazwa bigorana gufata ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma, ku buryo nta gutwikira ibice by'umuyoboro w'icyuma bya emulsion, bigatuma gutwikira umuyoboro wose w'icyuma kudasa.
(1) Impamvu ituma umuti urwanya uburozi umanika. Igice cy’umuyoboro w’icyuma kiba kizengurutse, igihe cyose umuti urwanya uburozi uterwa hejuru y’umuyoboro w’icyuma, umuti urwanya uburozi mu gice cyo hejuru no ku nkengero bizagera ku gice cyo hasi bitewe n’imbaraga z’uburemere, ari na byo bizatera kugwa kw’umuyoboro. Icyiza ni uko hari ibikoresho byo mu ifuru mu muyoboro w’icyuma ukorerwamo uruganda rw’imiyoboro y’icyuma, bishobora gushyushya no gukomeza umuti urwanya uburozi wasutswe ku buso bw’umuyoboro w’icyuma mu gihe kandi bikagabanya ubushyuhe bw’umuti urwanya uburozi. Ariko, niba ubushyuhe bw’umuti urwanya uburozi butari hejuru; nta gushyushya ku gihe nyuma yo gusukura; cyangwa ubushyuhe butari hejuru; umuyoboro utari muzima, nibindi bizatuma umuti urwanya uburozi umanika.
(2) Impamvu zitera ifuro rirwanya kwangirika. Bitewe n'aho umwuka ukorera, gukwirakwira kw'irangi ni byinshi, kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwira bizatera ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe. Ahantu hahindagurika ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buke, imiti irinda kwangirika iva mu bitonyanga bivanze mu tudomo duto, bizatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Amazi ari mu kirere afite ubushyuhe bwinshi nyuma yo kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe azahinduka ibitonyanga by'amazi bivanze n'imiti irinda kwangirika, amaherezo akinjira imbere mu gipfundikizo, bigatuma igipfundikizo kirushaho kwangirika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2023