Incamake y'ibikoresho bya Alloy
Ibisobanuro bya Aloyi
Ifumbire y'icyuma ni uruvange rugizwe n'ibyuma bibiri cyangwa byinshi, cyangwa uruvange rw'ibyuma n'ibintu bitari iby'icyuma, bifite imiterere y'icyuma. Igitekerezo cy'igishushanyo cy'ifumbire y'icyuma ni uguhuza ibintu mu buryo bwo kunoza imiterere ya mekanike, fiziki, na shimi kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa byihariye by'ikoreshwa ritandukanye.
Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bya Alloy
Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku bintu by'ingenzi bigize ibi n'imiterere yabyo ku buryo bukurikira:
●Aloyi za Feri:Izi ni aloyi zishingiye ku cyuma zifite ibintu byinshi nka karuboni, manganese, na silikoni, ahanini bikoreshwa mu nganda zikora ibyuma n’izitunganya.
●Aluminium Alloys:Izi ni aloyi zishingiye kuri aluminiyumu zifite ibintu nka umuringa, manyeziyumu na zinki, zizwiho kuba zoroshye, zikomeye, kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu n'ubushyuhe bwiza.
●Aloyi z'umuringa:Izi ni aloyi zishingiye ku muringa zifite ibintu byongewemo nka zinc, tin, na lead, bitanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu neza, kurwanya ingese, kandi bigakora neza.
●Aloyi za Magnesium:Aloyi zishingiye kuri manyeziyumu, ubusanzwe zivanze na aluminium, zinc, na manganese, ni zo zoroheje cyane mu byuma bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ihungabana no gushonga neza kw'ubushyuhe.
●Aloyi za Nickel:Aloyi zikozwe muri nikeli zirimo ibintu nka chromium, icyuma, na cobalt, kandi zigaragaza ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika no gukora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
●Aloyi za Titanium:Aloyi zikozwe muri titaniyumu zizwiho gukomera cyane, ubucucike buke, no kudahura n'ingufu mu buryo budasanzwe, zikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa by'indege.
Aloyi z'icyuma gishyushya
Imiterere n'Imiterere ya Ferrous Alloys
Ibyuma bya ferrous bigizwe n'icyuma gifite ibintu bitandukanye byo gushushanya byongera imiterere yabyo. Ibintu bisanzwe birimo:
●Karuboni:Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bivangavanga, ingano ya karuboni mu byuma bya fer bigira ingaruka ku bukomere n'ubukomere. Ibyuma bya karuboni byinshi bitanga ubukomere bwinshi ariko ubukomere buke.
●Silicone:Silikoni yongera imbaraga n'ubukomere bya aloyi za feri kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu aloyi za silicon-icyuma mu gukora ibyuma nk'ikintu gikuraho ogisijeni n'ivangavanga ry'ibintu.
●Manganese:Manganese ni ingenzi cyane mu kongera imbaraga n'ubukana bw'ibyuma bikozwe muri ferrous alloys, naho ferromanganese alloys ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza uburyo ibyuma birwanya kwangirika no kurwanya ingese.
●Chromium:Aloyi za chromium-fer zitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no gukomera mu bushyuhe bwinshi, zikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bitagira umugese n'ibyuma byihariye.
Imikoreshereze ya Ferrous Alloys
Ibyuma bya ferrous bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo:
●Inganda zo gukora ibyuma:Ibyuma bya ferrous ni inyongeramusaruro z'ingenzi mu gukora ibyuma, bikoreshwa mu guhindura imiterere y'ibyuma no kunoza imiterere yabyo.
●Inganda zo gucuranga:Mu bikorwa byo gucukura, ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma byongera imiterere ya mashini no kuramba kw'ibicuruzwa by'icyuma.
●Ibikoresho byo gusudira:Ibyuma bya ferrous bikoreshwa mu gukora inkoni zo gusudira no gukurura kugira ngo bigire ubuziranenge bwo gusudira.
●Inganda zikora imiti n'ifumbire mvaruganda:Ibyuma bya fer bikoreshwa nk'ibikangurambaga n'ibigabanya ubushyuhe mu gukora imiti n'ifumbire mvaruganda.
●Ubukorikori bw'ibyuma:Ibyuma bya ferrous bikoreshwa mu bikoresho nk'ibikoresho byo gukata no mu bibumbano, bikongera uburambe bwabyo no gukora neza.
Aloyi za aluminiyumu
Ibiranga by'ingenzi bya aluminiyumu
Aloyi za aluminiyumu zizwiho kuba zoroshye, zikomeye kandi zoroshye kuzitunganya, bigatuma ziba ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho. Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga:
●Ifite uburemere bworoshye:Aloyi za aluminiyumu zifite ubucucike buke bwa 2.7 g/cm³, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu kuzikoresha zisaba kugabanya ibiro.
●Imbaraga nyinshi:Binyuze mu guteranya no gutunganya ubushyuhe, aluminiyumu ishobora kugira imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, aho aloyi zimwe na zimwe zirenga 500 MPa.
●Uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu:Aluminiyumu y'umwimerere ni umuyoboro mwiza w'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, kandi aluminiyumu igumana igice kinini cy'iyi miterere.
●Ubudahangarwa n'ingese:Urusobe rw'umwuka wa okiside karemano rubaho ku buso bwa aluminiyumu, rutanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika, kandi uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura bushobora kongera ubu buryo.
●Byoroshye Gutunganya:Aloyi za aluminiyumu zigaragaza imiterere myiza, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu gutunganya, gusohora no gucura.
Ingano n'Imikoreshereze ya Aloyi za Aluminiyumu
Aloyi za aluminiyumu zishyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku bintu by'ingenzi bizihuza n'imiterere yazo. Bimwe mu byiciro bisanzwe birimo:
●Urukurikirane rwa 1xxx:Aluminiyumu nziza, ifite aluminiyumu irenga 99.00%, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda z'amashanyarazi no mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa buri munsi.
●Urukurikirane rwa 2xxx:Umuringa ni wo kintu cy’ingenzi giteranya ibintu, kikanongera imbaraga nyuma yo gukoresha ubushyuhe, gikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa by’indege.
●Urukurikirane rwa 3xxx:Manganese ni yo kintu cy'ingenzi gitera imbaraga, itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, ikoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi no mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi.
●Urukurikirane rwa 4xxx:Silikoli ni yo ngingo nyamukuru ivangavanga, itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gusudira, ikwiriye ibikoresho byo gusudira n'ibice birwanya ubushyuhe.
●Urukurikirane rwa 5xxx:Manyeziyumu ni yo kintu cy’ingenzi giteranya ibintu, itanga imiterere myiza ya mekanike no kurwanya ingese, ikoreshwa mu nganda zo mu mazi, iz’imodoka, n’iz’indege.
●Urukurikirane rwa 6xxx:Manyeziyumu na silikoni ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bivangavanze, bitanga imbaraga nziza kandi bigakora neza, bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi.
●Urukurikirane rwa 7xxx:Zinc ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi ikoreshwa mu guteranya ibintu, kandi izi alloys zitanga imbaraga nyinshi cyane, zikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako z'indege no mu bikorwa bikomeye.
●Urukurikirane rwa 8xxx:Irimo ibindi bintu nka icyuma na nikeli, bitanga imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, ahanini bikoreshwa mu nganda z'amashanyarazi.
Aloyi za aluminiyumu zikoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo:
●Ubwoko bw'ikirere:Aloi za aluminiyumu zoroshye kandi zikomeye ni ingenzi ku nyubako z'indege n'ibizigize.
●Ubwikorezi:Aloyi za aluminiyumu zikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byoroheje by’imodoka na gari ya moshi, bikongera imikorere myiza ya lisansi.
●Inganda z'amashanyarazi:Aluminiyumu ni ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane ku nsinga na transfoma
●Ubwubatsi:Aloyi za aluminiyumu zikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako z’ubwubatsi, mu madirishya, mu nzugi no mu bisenge bitewe n’imbaraga zazo, kudahura n’ingufu, ndetse n’ubwiza bwazo.
●Gupakira:Aloyi za aluminiyumu, cyane cyane mu buryo bwa foil n'amabati, zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zipakira kuko zoroshye, ntizihumanya, kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Aloyi z'umuringa
Imiterere n'Imiterere y'Aloyi z'Umuringa
Aloyi z'umuringa zizwiho imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, kurwanya ingese, no koroshya gukora. Aloyi z'umuringa zisanzwe zirimo:
●Umuringa (Umuringa-Zinc Alloy):Umuringa uzwiho gukomera kwawo, ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza no kurwanya ingese, ukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya mekanike, mu byuma bitanga amazi n'ibikoresho bya muzika.
●Umuringa (Aloyi y'umuringa n'agati):Iyi aloyi itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, gukomera, no kwangirika, ikunze gukoreshwa mu mapine, mu mabuye y'agaciro, no mu bikorwa byo mu mazi.
●Aloyi z'umuringa na nikeli:Izi aloyi zitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu kubaka amato, ku mbuga zo mu nyanja, no mu nganda zikuraho umunyu.
●Umuringa wa Beriliyumu:Kubera imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana, kandi birwanya ingese, umuringa wa beriliyumu ukunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ubuhanga, mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi, no mu masoko.
Imikoreshereze ya Aloyi z'umuringa
Ibyuma by'umuringa bifasha inganda nyinshi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye n'imiterere idasanzwe:
●Inganda z'amashanyarazi:Ibyuma by'umuringa bikoreshwa cyane mu guhuza amashanyarazi, insinga, n'ibindi bikoresho bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi.
●Imiyoboro y'amazi n'uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu gutunganya amazi:Umuringa n'umuringa bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora za valve, ibikoresho, n'ibindi bikoresho by'amazi kubera ko birwanya ingese.
●Inganda zo mu mazi:Ibyuma by'umuringa na nikeli bikundwa cyane mu bikorwa byo mu mazi bitewe nuko birwanya ingese mu mazi yo mu nyanja.
●Ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga:Umuringa wa Beryllium ukoreshwa mu bikoresho, mu bikoresho bidatanga umuriro, no mu bice by'ingenzi bitewe n'imbaraga zawo no kuramba kwawo.
Aloyi za Manyeziyumu
Ibiranga Aloyi za Manyeziyumu
Aloyi za manyeziyumu ni zo zoroheje cyane mu byuma, zifite igipimo cyiza cy’imbaraga hagati y’uburemere, ubushobozi bwo gufata umuyaga, no gukora neza. Imiterere y’ingenzi irimo:
●Ifite uburemere bworoshye:Aloyi za manyeziyumu zoroshye 35% ugereranyije na aluminiyumu na 78% zoroshye ugereranyije n'icyuma, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu kuzikoresha mu buryo bworoshye.
●Ubuhanga bwiza bwo gukora:Aloyi za manyeziyumu zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, bigatuma ibice bigoye kandi by’ingenzi bikorwa neza.
●Gufata Indwara Itunguranye:Izi alloys zifite ubushobozi bwo gufata impanuka, bigatuma zigira akamaro mu bijyanye n'imodoka n'indege.
●Gusesagura ubushyuhe:Aloyi za manyeziyumu zitanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Imikoreshereze ya Magnesium Alloys
Bitewe n'uko byoroshye kandi bikomeye, aloyi za manyeziyumu zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye:
●Inganda z'imodoka:Uduce twa manyeziyumu dukoreshwa mu bice bya moteri, mu byuma bitanga ingufu, no mu mapine kugira ngo bigabanye uburemere bw'imodoka kandi binoze imikorere myiza ya lisansi.
●Inganda z'indege:Uduce twa manyeziyumu dukoreshwa mu bice by'indege no mu bice by'indege aho kugabanya ibiro ari ingenzi cyane.
●Ibintu by'ikoranabuhanga:Aloyide ya manyeziyumu ikoreshwa mu gukora mudasobwa zigendanwa zoroshye, kamera, na telefoni zigendanwa bitewe n'imbaraga zazo n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gusohora ubushyuhe.
●Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi:Uduce twa manyeziyumu dukoreshwa mu bikoresho bishobora guhindurwamo imyanda n'ibikoresho by'amagufwa bitewe nuko bihura neza n'umubiri.
Aloyi za Nickel
Imiterere ya Nickel Alloys
Aloyi za nikeli zizwiho kudakira ingese, kudahindagurika mu bushyuhe bwinshi, no gukomera mu buryo bwa mekanike. Ubusanzwe zivanze na chromium, icyuma n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo zongere imikorere mu bidukikije bikomeye. Imiterere y'ingenzi irimo:
●Ubudahangarwa n'ingese:Aloyi za nikeli zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni n'ingufu mu bidukikije bikomeye, harimo n'amazi yo mu nyanja n'ahantu hashyushye.
●Imbaraga z'ubushyuhe bwinshi:Aloyi za nikeli zigumana imbaraga zazo mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu kirere no mu gutanga amashanyarazi.
●Kurwanya kwambara:Aloyi za nikeli zitanga ubushobozi bwo kudashira neza, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu bikorwa bisaba kuramba igihe kirekire.
Imikoreshereze ya Nickel Alloys
Ingano za nikeli zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bikomeye mu nzego zitandukanye:
●Inganda z'indege:Superalloys zishingiye kuri nikeli zikoreshwa muri moteri za jet, ibyuma bya turbine, n'ibindi bice bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kubera ko birwanya ubushyuhe.
●Gutunganya imiti:Aloyi za nikeli zikoreshwa mu byuma bitanga ingufu, mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, no mu miyoboro aho kurwanya ingese n'ubushyuhe bwinshi ari ngombwa.
●Gutanga Ingufu:Ibyuma bya nikeli bikoreshwa mu byuma bitanga ingufu za kirimbuzi na turbine za gaze bitewe n’ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gushyuha cyane no kurwanya ingese.
●Inganda zo mu mazi:Ibyuma bya nikeli bikoreshwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi nko mu ipompo, amavali, n'ibikoresho byo gukuramo umunyu mu mazi yo mu nyanja.
Aloyi za Titanium
Ibiranga Aloyi za Titanium
Aloyi za titanium ni zoroshye ariko zikomeye, zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese ku buryo budasanzwe kandi zigakomera mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Imiterere y'ingenzi irimo:
●Imbaraga nyinshi hagati y'ibiro n'imbaraga:Aloyi za titanium zikomeye nk'icyuma ariko hafi 45% byoroshye, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu kirere no mu bikorwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
●Ubudahangarwa n'ingese:Aloyi za titanium zirwanya ingese cyane cyane mu mazi yo mu nyanja no mu bidukikije bya shimi.
●Kuba ibintu bihuye n'umubiri:Aloyi za titanium zirahuye n'ibinyabuzima, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu gutera imiti no mu bikoresho byo kwa muganga.
●Ubushyuhe bwinshi buhamye:Aloyi za titanium zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, zigakomeza gukomera no kuba nziza mu kirere no mu nganda.
Imikoreshereze ya Aloyine ya Titanium
Aloyi za titanium zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda aho imbaraga nyinshi, ubudahangarwa bworoheje, no kwangirika ari ingenzi cyane:
●Inganda z'indege:Ibyuma bya titanium bikoreshwa mu byuma by’indege, mu bice bya moteri, no mu bikoresho byo kugwa bitewe nuko bikomera cyane kandi bigatanga uburemere.
●Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi:Aloyide ya titanium ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti mu maraso, gutera amenyo, no mu bikoresho byo kubaga bitewe nuko ihura neza n'imiterere yayo kandi iramba.
●Inganda zo mu mazi:Aloyi za titanium zikoreshwa mu bice byo munsi y'inyanja, mu bwubatsi bw'amato, no mu gucukura mu mazi bitewe n'uko zirwanya ingese.
●Ikoreshwa mu nganda:Aloyi za titanium zikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya imiti, mu gutanga amashanyarazi, no mu bikoresho by'imodoka ku bice bisaba imbaraga no kurwanya ingese.
Umwanzuro
Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bigira uruhare runini mu nganda zigezweho, bitanga ibisubizo byihariye bifite imbaraga, uburemere, kurwanya ingese, no kuramba. Kuva ku kirere kugeza ku modoka, ubwubatsi kugeza ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu butuma biba ngombwa cyane mu bikorwa byinshi. Byaba imbaraga nyinshi za aluminiyumu, imiterere yoroheje ya aluminiyumu, cyangwa imbaraga za aluminiyumu na titaniyumu, aluminiyumu zakozwe kugira ngo zihuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye by'isi ya none iteye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 17-2024