Imiyoboro ya shimi n'ama-valve ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gukora imiti kandi ni isano iri hagati y'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bya shimi. Ni gute ama-valve 5 akunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro ya shimi akora? Intego nyamukuru? Ni iyihe miyoboro ya shimi n'ama-valve akoreshwa? (ubwoko 11 bw'imiyoboro + ubwoko 4 bw'ama-valve + ama-valve 11) gukoresha ibi bintu bya shimi, sobanukirwa neza!
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Vali 11 nini
Igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu muyoboro cyitwa valve. Inshingano zacyo z'ingenzi ni:
Fungura kandi ufunge uruhare - gabanya cyangwa uganire n'amazi atemba mu muyoboro;
Guhindura - guhindura umuvuduko w'amazi mu muyoboro, amazi anyuramo;
Gutera amazi mu muyoboro w'amazi (throttling) – amazi atembera mu muyoboro w'amazi, bigatuma umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro:
Dukurikije uruhare rwa valve mu muyoboro, ishobora kugabanywamo valve icukumbuye (izwi kandi nka valve y'isi yose), valve yo gukaraba, valve yo kugenzura, valve z'umutekano n'ibindi;
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y’imiterere y’utubati dushobora kugabanywamo utubati two mu rugi, utubati two mu bwoko bwa "plug", utubati two mu mpande, utubati two mu bwoko bwa "butterfly", utubati two mu mpande, utubati two mu mpande n’ibindi.
Byongeye kandi, hakurikijwe ikorwa ry'ibikoresho bitandukanye bya valve, kandi igabanyijemo valves z'icyuma kitagira umugese, valves z'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ...
Amahitamo atandukanye ya valve aboneka mu bitabo n'ingero bireba, ubwoko busanzwe bwa valve ni bwo bwonyine bugaragara hano.
①Valve y'umubumbe
Kubera imiterere yayo yoroshye, yoroshye kuyikora no kuyibungabunga, ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko muto n'uringaniye. Ishyirwa mu gice cy'inyuma cy'imashini izunguruka (umutwe w'imashini) n'igice cy'imashini izunguruka (intebe y'imashini) kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo guhagarika amazi atemba.
Uduti twa valve dushobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuzamura umugozi, bigira uruhare runaka mu mikorere. Kubera ko valve icibwa, ikoresha agakoresho ko gufatanya n'umutwe wa valve n'intebe, ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa mu muyoboro urimo uduce tw'amazi.
Valve y'Isi ishobora gukoreshwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'icyuma gikoreshwa mu guhitamo umutwe w'uruvange, intebe, ibikoresho by'igikonoshwa bikwiye. Kugira ngo ukoreshe valve bitewe no gufunga nabi cyangwa umutwe, intebe n'ibindi bice bya valve byangiritse, ushobora gufata icyuma cyoroshye, gusya, ubuso n'ubundi buryo bwo gusana no gukoresha, kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora cy'uruvange.
②Valve y'irembo
Igororotse ku cyerekezo cy'aho igice kimwe cyangwa bibiri birambuye gitembera, hamwe n'ubuso bw'umubiri wa valve bufunga kugira ngo bugere ku ntego yo gufunga. Igice cya valve kirazamurwa kugira ngo gifungure valve.
Isahani irambuye ifite aho izunguruka uruti rw'umugozi n'aho izamura, ifite ingano y'aho ifunguye kugira ngo igenzure urujya n'uruza rw'amazi. Ubu buryo bwo kudakora neza kw'umugozi ni buke, bufite ubushobozi bwo kuziba neza, bugabanya akazi, cyane cyane bukwiriye imiyoboro minini, ariko imiterere y'umugozi w'irembo iragoye cyane, ifite ubwoko bwinshi.
Dukurikije imiterere y'umuti, hari umuti ufunguye n'umuti wijimye; dukurikije imiterere y'agace k'umuti gagabanyijemo ubwoko bw'umugozi, ubwoko bungana n'ibindi.
Muri rusange, plaque ya valve yo mu bwoko bwa wedge ni plaque imwe ya valve, kandi ubwoko bwa velfare bukoresha plaque ebyiri za valve. Ubwoko bwa velfare bworoshye gukora kurusha ubwoko bwa wedge, gusana neza, gukoresha ntabwo byoroshye guhindura imyanda mu miyoboro y'amazi, ahubwo ntibigomba gukoreshwa mu gutwara amazi, gazi nziza, peteroli n'indi miyoboro.
③Vali zo gupfunyika
Plug izwi cyane nka Cocker, ni ugukoresha igice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu gushyiramo umwobo wo hagati ukoresheje plag ifite ishusho y'urukiramende kugira ngo ufungure kandi ufunge umuyoboro.
Gufunga hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye yo gufunga, bishobora kugabanywamo agafunga ko gupakira, agafunga gapfundikiye amavuta n'agafunga kadafite n'ibindi. Imiterere y'agafunga ni yoroshye, ingano nto zo hanze, ifunguka kandi igafunga vuba, yoroshye kuyikoresha, ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda amazi, yoroshye kuyikora ifite uburyo butatu cyangwa bune bwo gukwirakwiza cyangwa guhinduranya.
Ubuso bwo gufunga plagi ni bunini, bworoshye kwambara, bugorana guhinduranya, ntabwo byoroshye guhindura imiterere y'amazi, ariko bucibwa vuba. Plagi ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe cyangwa hagati irimo uduce duto tw'amazi mu muyoboro w'amazi, ariko ntigomba gukoreshwa mu kugabanya umuvuduko, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa umuyoboro w'umwuka.
④Valve yo mu muyoboro w'amazi
Ni iy'ubwoko bumwe bwa valve y'umubumbe. Imiterere y'umutwe wayo wa valve ni nk'iy'inyuma cyangwa igororotse, ishobora kugenzura neza urujya n'uruza rw'amazi cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyizunguza no kuyigenzura. Valve isaba gukora neza no kuyifunga neza.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura ibikoresho cyangwa gupima no mu yindi miyoboro, ariko ntigomba gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubukana n'uduce duto mu muyoboro.
⑤Valve y'umupira
Valve y'umupira, izwi kandi nka valve yo hagati y'umupira, ni ubwoko bwa valve yakuze vuba mu myaka ya vuba aha. Ikoresha umupira ufite umwobo hagati nk'aho valve iherereye, ishingiye ku kuzunguruka kw'umupira kugira ngo igenzure uburyo valve ifunguka cyangwa ifunga.
Imeze nk'agapfunyika, ariko ni gato ugereranije n'ubuso bwo gufunga bw'agapfunyika, imiterere yoroheje, ihinduranya akazi igabanya imbaraga, ikoreshwa cyane kurusha agapfunyika.
Bitewe no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora valve z'umupira, valve z'umupira ntizikoreshwa gusa mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko muto, ahubwo zakoreshejwe no mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ariko, bitewe n'imbogamizi z'ibikoresho byo kuzifunga, ntabwo zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.
⑥ Valves za Diaphragm
Udukingirizo tw’urukiramende dukunze kuboneka. Ifungura n’ifunga ry’iyi valvu ni diyafragm yihariye ya rubber, diyafragm ihambiriwe hagati y’umubiri wa valvu n’igipfundikizo cya valvu, kandi disiki iri munsi y’umugongo wa valvu ikanda diyafragm cyane ku mubiri wa valvu kugira ngo ifungwe.
Iyi valve ifite imiterere yoroshye, ifunga neza, yoroshye kuyitunganya kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda amazi. Ikwiriye gutwara aside n'imiyoboro y'amazi ifite ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, ariko muri rusange ntigomba gukoreshwa ku muvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 60 ℃, ntigomba gukoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu bidafite akamaro ka kijyambere n'ibintu bikomeye bigabanya ogisijeni mu muyoboro.
⑦ Igenzura ry'ingufu
Bizwi kandi nka vali zidasubiza amazi cyangwa vali zo kugenzura. Bishyirwa mu muyoboro kugira ngo amazi ashobore gutembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa, kandi gutembera inyuma ntibyemewe.
Ni ubwoko bwa valve ifunga yikora, hari valve cyangwa plate izunguruka mu mubiri wa valve. Iyo icyuma gitemba neza, amazi azifungura flap ya valve; iyo amazi atemba asubira inyuma, amazi (cyangwa imbaraga z'impeshyi) azifunga flap ya valve yikora. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya valve yo kugenzura, igabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri byo kuzamura no kuzunguruka.
Ikirenge cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugenzura lifti gifatana neza n'uburyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uterura, ubusanzwe ukoreshwa mu miyoboro itambitse cyangwa ihagaze; ikirenge cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uzenguruka gikunze kwitwa plate y'umuyoboro, uruhande rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi rufatanye n'umuyoboro, plate y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ishobora kuzunguruka izenguruka umuyoboro, plate y'amashanyarazi izenguruka ishyirwa mu muyoboro utambitse, kuko umurambararo muto ushobora no gushyirwa mu muyoboro uhagaze, ariko witondere ko amazi adakwiye kuba manini cyane.
Valve yo kugenzura ikoreshwa muri rusange ku muyoboro w’itumanaho usukuye, irimo uduce duto kandi ubukana bw’umuyoboro w’itumanaho ntibugomba gukoreshwa. Uburyo valve yo kugenzura ijwi ifunze ni bwiza kurusha ubwoko bw’uruziga, ariko uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi ya valve yo kugenzura ijwi ni buto ugereranije n’ubwoko bw’uruziga. Muri rusange, valve yo kugenzura ijwi ikwiriye umuyoboro munini.
⑧Valve y'ikinyugunyugu
Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ni disiki izunguruka (cyangwa disiki y'urudodo) igenzura uburyo umuyoboro ufunguka n'uko ufunga. Ni imiterere yoroshye, ifite ingano ntoya zo hanze.
Bitewe n'imiterere yo gufunga n'ibibazo by'ibikoresho, imikorere y'ingufu zo gufunga iragabanuka, gusa ku bijyanye n'uburyo umuyoboro w'amazi ufite umuvuduko muto kandi munini ugenzurwa, ukunze gukoreshwa mu kohereza amazi, umwuka, gazi n'ibindi bikoresho mu muyoboro.
⑨ Valve igabanya umuvuduko
Ni ukugabanya igitutu kiri hagati kugeza ku gipimo runaka cya valve yikora, igitutu rusange nyuma ya valve kikaba kiri munsi ya 50% by'igitutu kiri imbere ya valve, ahanini ishingiye kuri diaphragm, spring, piston n'ibindi bice by'icyuma kugira ngo igenzure itandukaniro ry'igitutu kiri hagati y'urufunguzo rwa valve n'icyuho cy'intebe ya valve kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo kugabanya igitutu.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa valve zigabanya umuvuduko, piston isanzwe na diaphragm type ya kabiri.
⑩ valve yo gushyiramo imyenda
Kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gutwikiramo ibintu, hari uturinda kwangirika tugomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika (nk'icyuma gifunga, icyuma gifungamo ibintu, icyuma gifungamo ibintu, nibindi) mu gice cy'utwikirizo n'umutwe w'utwikirizo, ibikoresho bifungamo ibintu bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere y'icyuma gikoresha.
Kugira ngo byorohereze umugozi, uturindantoki dukozwe mu bwoko bwa "right-angle" cyangwa "direct-flow".
⑪Valve z'umutekano
Kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gukora imiti ikomoka ku binyabutabire, mu miyoboro iri munsi y’umuvuduko, hari igikoresho gihoraho cy’umutekano, ni ukuvuga guhitamo ubunini bw’icyuma runaka, nko gushyiramo icyuma gikingira gishyizwe ku mpera y’umuyoboro cyangwa aho uhurira n’icyuma.
Iyo umuvuduko uri mu muyoboro wiyongereye, urupapuro ruravunika kugira ngo rugere ku ntego yo kugabanya umuvuduko. Ibyuma byacitse muri rusange bikoreshwa mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko muto kandi munini, ariko mu miyoboro myinshi ya shimi ifite vali z’umutekano, vali z’umutekano ni nyinshi, zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri, ari byo, ifite impera n’ubwoko bwa lever.
Vali z'umutekano zikoreshwa mu muyoboro zishingira ahanini ku mbaraga z'umuyoboro kugira ngo zifungwe. Iyo umuvuduko mu muyoboro urenze imbaraga z'umuyoboro, vali ifungurwa n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, maze amazi ari mu muyoboro agasohoka, bityo umuvuduko ukagabanuka.
Iyo umuvuduko mu muyoboro ugabanutse munsi y’imbaraga z’isoko, valve yongera gufunga. Valve z’umutekano zo mu bwoko bwa lever zishingira ahanini ku mbaraga z’uburemere ku ruhu kugira ngo zigere ku gufunga, ihame ryo gukorana n’ubwoko bwa spring. Guhitamo valve z’umutekano, bishingiye ku muvuduko w’akazi n’ubushyuhe bw’akazi kugira ngo hamenyekane urwego rw’umuvuduko, ingano ya caliber yayo ishobora kubarwa hashingiwe ku ngingo zibishinzwe kugira ngo hamenyekane.
Ubwoko bw'imiterere ya valve y'umutekano, ibikoresho bya valve bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere y'uburyo ikoreshwa, imiterere y'akazi. Igitutu cyo gutangira, igeragezwa n'iyemewe rya valve y'umutekano bifite ingingo zihariye, igenzura rihoraho rikorwa n'ishami ry'umutekano, icapiro ry'ibirango, rikoreshwa ntirigomba guhindurwa uko rishaka kugira ngo habeho umutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2023