Ibisobanuro by'igicuruzwa
Gucukura no gucukura imiyoboro bikoreshwa cyane mu iterambere rya peteroli na gaze, gucukura no gucukura imiyoboro ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu nganda za peteroli na gaze bikoreshwa mu gucukura no gutwara ibikomoka kuri karubone (peteroli na gaze karemano) biva mu bigega byo munsi y'ubutaka bikagera hejuru y'ubutaka. Bigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura umutekano, ubuziranenge, n'imikorere myiza y'ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukora.
Umuyoboro w'amazi ni ubwoko bw'umuyoboro ukoreshwa mu kwimura peteroli na gaze karemano bivuye ku gice cy'amavuta cyangwa urwego rwa gaze bikajya hasi nyuma yo gucukura. Umuyoboro w'amazi utuma ingufu zitangwa mu gihe cyo gucukura ziyongera. Umuyoboro w'amazi ukorwa kimwe n'igisenge, ariko inzira yitwa "upsetting" nayo irakenewe kugira ngo umuyoboro w'amazi ubyibuhe.
Igikarabiro gikoreshwa mu kurinda imyobo yacukuwe mu butaka kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri peteroli. Kimwe n'umuyoboro wo gucukura, imiyoboro yo gucukura ibigega by'amavuta nayo yemerera umuvuduko wo gukaza umuvuduko, bityo icyuma gikomeye kandi cyiza kirakenewe. Ibikarabiro bya OCTG ni imiyoboro minini ifite umurambararo ifatanye na sima mu mwobo.
Ibisobanuro
| API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| API 5CT: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110 |
| API 5D: E75, X95, G105, S135 |
| EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| ASTM A106: GR.A, GR.B, GR.C |
| ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B |
| ASTM A335: P1, P2, 95, P9, P11P22, P23, P91, P92, P122 |
| ASTM A333: Icyiciro cya 1, Icyiciro cya 3, Icyiciro cya 4, Icyiciro cya 6, Icyiciro cya 7, Icyiciro cya 8, Icyiciro cya 9. Icyiciro cya 10, Icyiciro cya 11 |
| DIN 2391: St30Al, St30Si, St35, St45, St52 |
| DIN EN 10216-1: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
| JIS G3454: STPG 370, STPG 410 |
| JIS G3456: STPT 370, STPT 410, STPT 480 |
| GB/T 8163: 10#, 20#, Q345 |
| GB/T 8162: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, Q345 |
Urutonde rw'ibice by'icyuma bya ISO/API
| Ibirangoa | Hanze uburebure D mm | Izina ry'izina umurongo uburemereb, c Imiterere n'Igenamigambi kg/m | Urukuta ubunini t mm | Ubwoko bw'irangira ry'inyubako | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Ubwoko bwa 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 9.50 10.50 11.60 13.50 15.10 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 14,14 15,63 17,26 20,09 22,47 | 5,21 5,69 6,35 7,37 8,56 | PS — — — — | PS PSB PSLB — — | PS PSB PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB PLB | — — — — PLB |
| 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 | 11.50 13.00 15.00 18.00 21.40 23.20 24.10 | 127.00 127.00 127.00 127.00 127.00 127.00 127.00 | 17,11 19,35 22,32 26.79 31.85 34,53 35.86 | 5,59 6,43 7,52 9,19 11,10 12,14 12,70 | — — — — — — — | PS PSLB PSLBE — — — — | PS PSLB PLB PLB PLB — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — — PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 | 14.00 15.50 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.80 29.70 32.60 35.30 38.00 40.50 43.10 | 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 | 20,83 23,07 25,30 29.76 34,23 39.88 44,20 48,51 52,53 56,55 60,27 64,14 | 6,20 6,98 7,72 9,17 10,54 12,70 14,27 15.88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS | PS PSLBE PSLBE | PS PSLB PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — — — | PLBE PLBE PLBE | PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — PLBE — — — — — — |
| 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 | 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 | 168,28 168,28 168,28 168,28 | 29.76 35,72 41,67 47,62 | 7,32 8,94 10,59 12,06 | PS — — | PSLB PSLBE — | PSLB PLB PLB — | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — PLBE |
| 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 | 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 35.00 38.00 42.70 46.40 50.10 53.60 57.10 | 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 177.80 | 25,30 29.76 34,23 38.69 43,16 47,62 52,09 56,55 63,54 69,05 74.56 79,77 84,97 | 5,87 6,91 8,05 9,19 10,36 11,51 12,65 13,72 15.88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS PS — — — — — — — — — — — | — PS PSLBE PSLBE — — — — — — — — — | — PS PLB PLB PLB PLB — — — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — — — — — PLBE PLBE — — — — — |
| Reba inyandiko ziri ku mpera y'imbonerahamwe. | ||||||||||||
| Ibirangoa | Hanze uburebure D mm | Izina ry'izina umurongo uburemereb, c Imiterere n'Igenamigambi kg/m | Urukuta ubunini t mm | Ubwoko bw'irangira ry'inyubako | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Ubwoko bwa 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 | 24.00 26.40 29.70 33.70 39.00 42.80 45.30 47.10 51.20 55.30 | 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 | 35,72 39,29 44,20 50,15 58,04 63.69 67,41 70,09 76,19 82,30 | 7,62 8,33 9,52 10,92 12,70 14,27 15,11 15.88 17,45 19,05 | PS | PSLBE | PSLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 7-3/4 | 46.10 | 19.685 | 6,860 | 1,511 | — | — | — | P | P | P | P | P |
| 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 | 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 49.00 | 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 | 35,72 41,67 47,62 53,57 59,53 65,48 72,92 | 6,71 7,72 8,94 10,16 11,43 12,70 14,15 | PS PS — — — — | PS — PSLBE PSLBE — — — | PS PS PSLB PSLB PLB — — | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — — — PLBE |
| 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 | 32.30 36.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 58.40 59.40 64.90 70.30 75.60 | 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 | 48,07 53,57 59,53 64.73 69,94 79,62 86,91 88,40 96,58 104,62 112,50 | 7,92 8,94 10,03 11,05 11.99 13.84 15,11 15,47 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS — — — — — — — — — | — PSLB PSLBE — — — — — — — — | — PSLB PSLB PLB PLB — — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB P P P P | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — — — PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — |
| 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 | 32.75 40.50 45.50 51.00 55.50 60.70 65.70 73.20 79.20 85.30 | 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 | 48.74 60,27 67,71 75.90 82,59 90,33 97,77 108,93 117,86 126.94 | 7,09 8.89 10,16 11,43 12,57 13.84 15,11 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS | PSB PSBE PSBE | PSB PSB PSB PSB | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB P P P | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB | PSBE PSB |
| 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 | 42.00 47.00 54.00 60.00 65.00 71.00 | 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 | 62,50 69,94 80,36 89,29 96.73 105,66 | 8,46 9,53 11,05 12,42 13,56 14.78 | PS — — — | PSB PSB PSB — — | PSB PSB PSB — — | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P |
| 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 | 48.00 54.50 61.00 68.00 72.00 | 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 | 71,43 81,10 90,78 101,19 107,15 | 8,38 9,65 10,92 12,19 13,06 | PS — — — — | — PSB PSB PSB — | — PSB PSB PSB — | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — — PSB |
| Reba inyandiko ziri ku mpera y'imbonerahamwe. | ||||||||||||
| Ibirangoa | Hanze uburebure D mm | Izina ry'izina umurongo uburemereb, c Imiterere n'Igenamigambi kg/m | Urukuta ubunini t mm | Ubwoko bw'irangira ry'inyubako | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Ubwoko bwa 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 16 16 16 16 | 65.00 75.00 84.00 109.00 | 406,40 406,40 406,40 406,40 | 96.73 111,61 125,01 162,21 | 9,53 11,13 12,57 16,66 | PS | PSB PSB P | PSB PSB | P | P | P | P | |
| 18-5/8 | 87.50 | 47,308 | 13,021 | 1,105 | PS | PSB | PSB | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20 20 20 | 94.00 106.50 133.00 | 508.00 508.00 508.00 | 139.89 158,49 197,93 | 11,13 12,70 16,13 | PSL — — | PSLB PSLB PSLB | PSLB PSLB — | — — — | — — — | — — — | — — — | — — — |
| P = Impera isanzwe, S = Umugozi mugufi w'uruziga, L = Umugozi muremure w'uruziga, B = Umugozi w'inkingi, E = Umurongo udasanzwe. | ||||||||||||
| ♦ Ibirango ni iby'amakuru n'ubufasha mu gutumiza. ♦ Uduce tw’umurongo duto, dufatanye n’udufite imigozi (igika cya 2) tugaragazwa gusa kugira ngo hamenyekane amakuru. ♦ Ubucucike bw'ibyuma bya chromium bya martensitic (ubwoko bwa L80 9Cr na 13Cr) butandukanye n'ibyuma bya karuboni. Bityo, uburemere bwagaragajwe ntabwo ari bwo bwiza ku byuma bya chromium bya martensitic. Hashobora gukoreshwa factor yo gukosora uburemere ya 0.989. | ||||||||||||
| Ibirango | Umurambararo wo hanze D mm | Umurongo usanzwe uburemere kg/m | Ubunini bw'urukuta t mm | |
| 1 | 2 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8 | 9.92 11.35 13.05 17.95 19.83 27.66 | 88.90 101,60 114,30 127.00 139,70 168,28 | 14.76 16.89 19,42 26.71 29,51 41,18 | 7,34 7,26 7,37 9,19 9,17 10,59 |
Urutonde rw'ibikoresho bya ISO/API by'icyuma
| Ibirango | Hanze uburebure D mm | Umurongo w'izina imbagaa, b | Urukuta kinini- ubumuntu t mm | Ubwoko bw'irangira ry'umusozoc | |||||||||||
| Ntabwo ari kurakara Imiterere n'Igenamigambi kg/m | Ibisobanuro. kurakara Imiterere n'Igenamigambi kg/m | Integ. ingingo kg/m | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| NU Imiterere n'Igenamigambi | EU Imiterere n'Igenamigambi | IJ | H40 | J55 | L80 | N80 Ubwoko bwa 1, Q | C90 | T95 | P110 | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 | 2.40 2.75 3.65 4.42 5.15 | — 2.90 3.73 — — | 2.40 2.76 — — — | 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 | — 4,09 5,43 6,58 7,66 | — 4,32 5,55 — — | 3,57 4,11 — — — | 3,18 3,68 5,08 6,35 7,62 | PI PNUI PU — — | PI PNUI PU — — | — PNUI PU P P | — PNUI PU — — | — PNUI PU P P | — PNUI PU P P | PU — — |
| 2.063 2.063 | 3.24 4.50 | — — | 3.25 — | 52,40 52,40 | — — | — — | 4,84 — | 3,96 5,72 | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | P |
| 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 | 4.00 4.60 5.80 6.60 7.35 | 4.70 5.95 7.45 | 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 | 5.95 6,85 8,63 9,82 10,94 | 6.99 8.85 11,09 | 4,24 4,83 6,45 7,49 8,53 | PN PNU | PN PNU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU — — | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PNU PNU | ||
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 6.40 7.80 8.60 9.35 | 6.50 7.90 8.70 9.45 | — — — | 73,02 73,02 73,02 73,02 | 9,52 11,61 12.80 13,91 | 9,67 11.76 12.95 14,06 | — — — | 5,51 7,01 7,82 8,64 | PNU — — | PNU — — | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU — | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU — |
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 10.50 11.50 | — | — | 73,02 73,02 | 15,63 17,11 | — | — | 9,96 11,18 | — | — | P P | — | P P | P P | — |
| 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 | 7.70 9.20 10.20 12.70 14.30 15.50 17.00 | — 9.30 — 12.95 — — — | — — — — — — — | 88.90 88.90 88.90 88.90 88.90 88.90 88.90 | 11,46 13.69 15,18 18.90 21,28 23,07 25,30 | — 13.84 — 19,27 — — — | — — — — — — — | 5,49 6,45 7,34 9,52 10,92 12,09 13,46 | PN PNU PN — — — — | PN PNU PN — — — — | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU — — — | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | — PNU — PNU — — — |
| 4 4 4 4 4 4 | 9.50 10.70 13.20 16.10 18.90 22.20 | — 11.00 — — — — | — — — — — — | 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 | 14,14 — 19,64 23.96 28,13 33,04 | — 16,37 — — — — | — — — — — — | 5,74 6,65 8,38 10,54 12,70 15,49 | PN PU — — — — | PN PU — — — — | PN PU P P P P | PN PU — — — — | PN PU P P P P | PN PU P P P P | — — — — — — |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 12.60 15.20 17.00 18.90 21.50 23.70 26.10 | 12.75 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 18.75 22,62 25,30 28,13 32.00 35,27 38.84 | 18.97 | 6,88 8,56 9,65 10,92 12,70 14,22 16.00 | PNU | PNU | PNU P P P P P P | PNU — — — — — — | PNU P P P P P P | PNU P P P P P P | |||
| P = Impera isanzwe, N = Idafite imigozi kandi ifatanye, U = Ifite imigozi yo hanze kandi ifatanye, I = Ihuriro ry'inyongera. | |||||||||||||||
| ♦ Uduce tw’imirongo, imigozi n’imifatanyirize (col. 2, 3, 4) byerekanwa gusa kugira ngo bihabwe amakuru. ♦ Ubucucike bw'ibyuma bya chromium bya martensitic (ubwoko bwa L80 9Cr na 13Cr) butandukanye n'ibyuma bya karuboni. Bityo, uburemere bwagaragajwe ntabwo ari bwo bwiza ku byuma bya chromium bya martensitic. Hashobora gukoreshwa factor yo gukosora uburemere ya 0.989. ♦ Imiyoboro idahindagurika irahari hamwe n'udukingirizo dusanzwe cyangwa udukingirizo twihariye. Imiyoboro yo hanze irahari hamwe n'udukingirizo dusanzwe, twihariye, cyangwa udukingirizo twihariye. | |||||||||||||||
Isanzwe n'Impamyabumenyi
Igikapu n'imiyoboro y'amazi Ibyiciro Bisanzwe:
API 5CT J55, K55, L80, N80, P110, C90, T95, H40
Impera z'imiyoboro ya API 5CT n'ibice by'imiyoboro:
(STC) Agasanduku k'umugozi mugufi uzungurutse
(LC) Agasanduku k'umugozi muremure kandi gafite uruziga
(BC) Agasanduku k'imigozi gakozwe mu gitereko
(XC) Igisenge cy'umurongo ukabije
(NU) Imiyoboro idatera ikibazo
(EU) Imiyoboro yo hanze y'umuyoboro
(IJ) Integral jointing
Igisenge n'imiyoboro bigomba gutangwa hakurikijwe ibikubiye haruguru ku miyoboro ijyanye n'amahame ya API5CT / API.
Uburyo bwo gukora
Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge
Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo, Isesengura ry'imiti, Isuzuma rya mekanike, Igenzura ry'amaso, Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko, Isuzuma ry'ingano, Isuzuma ry'impinduka, Isuzuma ry'ingaruka, Isuzuma rya DWT, Isuzuma rya NDT, Isuzuma ry'amazi, Isuzuma ry'ubukomere…..
Gushyira ikimenyetso, Gusiga irangi mbere yo gutanga.
Gupakira no Kohereza
Uburyo bwo gupfunyika imiyoboro y'icyuma bukubiyemo gusukura, gushyira hamwe, gupfunyika, gufunga, gufatanya, gushyiramo ibirango, gushyira mu mapaki (nibiba ngombwa), gushyira mu bikoresho, kubika, gufunga, gutwara no gupakurura. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma n'ibikoresho byayo hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gupfunyika. Ubu buryo bwuzuye butuma imiyoboro y'icyuma yoherezwa kandi ikagera aho igenewe imeze neza, yiteguye gukoreshwa.
Imikoreshereze n'Ikoreshwa
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ni inkingi y'ubwubatsi bugezweho mu nganda n'ubwubatsi, ishyigikira ibikorwa byinshi bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry'imiryango n'ubukungu ku isi yose.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma n'ibikoresho twakoze muri Womic Steel bikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ya peteroli, gazi, lisansi n'amazi, mu nkombe z'inyanja, mu mishinga yo kubaka icyambu n'inyubako, gucukura, imishinga y'ibyuma, kubaka ibiraro n'imishinga y'ibiraro, ndetse n'imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi...
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