1. Womic Steel: Ubushobozi bwo gukora n'imbaraga z'ikigo
Womic Steel Group ni uruganda rukora ibintu byinshi kandi rutumiza mu mahanga ku isi rufite ubunararibonye bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu gukora ibikoresho bya karuboni, alloy, na stainless steel tubular. Urwego rwacu rugezweho rwo gukora imiyoboro y'ibyuma rukora toni zirenga 20.000 ku kwezi, rukoresha ERW na LSAW/SSAW.
Ingano y'umusaruro w'imiyoboro yo gukurura amazi mu mazi:Ubugari bwo hanze kuva kuri 219mm kugeza kuri 660mm (santimetero 8 kugeza kuri 26) ku gikorwa cya ERW, no kuva kuri 508mm kugeza kuri 3,000mm (santimetero 20 kugeza kuri 120) ku gikorwa cya LSAW/SSAW. Ubunini bw'urukuta kuva kuri 6.0mm kugeza kuri 25.4mm kuri ERW, no kuva kuri 6.0mm kugeza kuri 50.8mm kuri LSAW/SSAW. Uburebure bumwe kuva kuri 6m kugeza kuri 18m bisanzwe, hamwe n'uburebure bwihariye kugeza kuri 60m buboneka ku mishinga y'urufatiro rwimbitse.
Impamyabumenyi z'Ubuziranenge n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko:
ISO 9001:2015 Yemejwe:Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge yo gukora imiyoboro yo gukurura no kugenzura ubuziranenge, igenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa kandi igakomeza kunoza ibikorwa byose by'inganda.
Uruhushya rwa API 5L / API 2B Monogram:Womic Steel ifite uruhushya rwa API 5L rwo gukora imiyoboro ya Line Pipe n'uruhushya rwa API 2B rwo gukora imiyoboro y'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi mu mazi. API Monogram igaragaza ko twiyemeje kubahiriza amahame yo hejuru mu nganda mu bijyanye no kohereza peteroli na gaze n'imiyoboro yo mu mazi. Igenzura rya buri gihe rya API rituma hakomeza kubahirizwa ibisabwa.
Ikimenyetso cya CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Imiyoboro yacu yo gukurura n'imiyoboro y'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi byubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibikoresho by'umuvuduko by'i Burayi (PED) 2014/68/EU. Ikimenyetso cya CE kiraboneka iyo ubisabye kugira ngo byorohereze imisoro ya gasutamo no kwemerwa k'umushinga mu Karere k'Ubukungu bw'i Burayi (EEA). Itangazo ry'Imikorere (DoP) ritangwa ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe bya EN.
Icyemezo cya EN 10204 3.2:Uretse ibyemezo bisanzwe bya 2.2 na 3.1 Mill Test Certificates, dutanga ibicuruzwa bifite icyemezo cy’ubugenzuzi 3.2, byemejwe n’inzego z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) ku mishinga y’ingenzi yo mu mazi n’iy’ibanze isaba gukurikirana ibikoresho byuzuye no kugenzura ku giti cyabyo.
Ibyemezo by’Ubugenzuzi bw’Uruhande rwa Gatatu (TPI):Ibicuruzwa byacu n'uburyo dukora byemezwa kandi bigagenzurwa n'ibigo bikomeye mpuzamahanga n'imiryango ikora ibijyanye no gutondeka ibintu irimo SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, na TÜV. Ibi byemezo bigaragaza ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutanga imiyoboro yo gutondeka ibintu mu mishinga yo mu mazi no mu nyanja igenzurwa na sosiyete.
Izindi mpamyabumenyi zihari:
ISO 14001:2015(Sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije) – Yiyemeje gukora ibikorwa birambye byo mu nganda
ISO 45001:2018(Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuzima n'umutekano mu kazi) – Guharanira ko ahantu hakorerwa harangwa umutekano
FPC (Igenzura ry'Umusaruro w'Uruganda)kuri EN 10248 / EN 10219 – Kwiyemeza ko ikimenyetso cya CE gihuye n’amategeko agenga
NORSOK M-650(Igipimo ngenderwaho cya Noruveje ku bikoresho by'icyuma) – Biboneka ku mishinga yo mu nyanja ya Ruguru
KTA 3211.2(Igipimo ngenderwaho cya kirimbuzi cy'Ubudage) – Kiraboneka mu bikorwa byo gukusanya ibikoresho bya kirimbuzi
Ibyemezo byihariye by'umukiriya:Dukora igenzura ry’inganda buri gihe kandi tugaha uburenganzira abakora imirimo ikomeye ya EPC, abayobozi b’ibyambu, n’ibigo by’ingufu ku isi. Inyandiko n’ubufasha mu igenzura bitangwa kugira ngo habeho ibizamini by’abatanga serivisi.
Kumenyekana ku Isi:Womic Steel ni umucuruzi wizewe w’abakora EPC ku isi, abayobozi b’ibyambu, amasosiyete y’ubwubatsi bwo mu mazi, n’abakora fondasiyo, ikorera ibihugu birenga 80 byo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, u Burayi, u Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, Afurika, na Amerika.
2. ASTM A252 GR.3 & EN 10248 S355GP: Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'imikorere yabyo
ASTM A252 GR.3ni ibipimo ngenderwaho by’Abanyamerika ku miyoboro y’ibyuma ishongeshejwe kandi idasobekeranye. Inyito ya "GR.3" igaragaza Icyiciro cya 3, gifite imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa mu byiciro bitatu bya ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). Icyiciro cya 3 gitanga imbaraga nkeya za 345 MPa (50.000 psi), bigatuma ari cyo gihitamo cyiza cyane ku musingi muremure, kubumba imigozi yo mu mazi, no gukoresha imizigo iremereye aho bikenewe ko inyubako ikomera cyane.
EN 10248 S355GPni igipimo ngenderwaho cy’i Burayi cyo gushyiramo impapuro z’icyuma zishyushye n’imiyoboro. Inyuguti "S" yerekana icyuma cy’ubwubatsi, "355" igaragaza imbaraga nkeya z’umusaruro wa 355 MPa, naho "GP" isobanura "General Piling" (ikoreshwa rusange ry’imiyoboro). S355GP itanga imbaraga nyinshi z’umusaruro urenze ASTM A252 GR.3 (355 MPa vs 345 MPa) kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu mishinga y’ubwubatsi bw’amazi yo mu Burayi, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, no muri Afurika.
Ingano zombi zagenewe gukoreshwa mu gukurura ibintu, zitanga ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza mu gukurura ibintu mu murima, ubushyuhe buke mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, kandi zigatuma birushaho kuba byiza mu kwihanganira imihangayiko yo gutwara ibintu mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ibirundo. Ugereranyije n'ingano zisanzwe z'imiterere nka A36 cyangwa S235JR, izi ngano z'ibirundo zitanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi cyane, bigatuma uburebure bw'ibirundo bugabanuka.
Ibikubiye mu binyabutabire (Isesengura ry'inkombe, % ku bunini):
| Igice | ASTM A252 GR.3 (Ntarengwa %) | EN 10248 S355GP (Ntarengwa %) |
| C | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| Si | — | 0.55 |
| Mn | 1.35 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.035 |
| S | 0.050 | 0.035 |
| Cu | — | 0.55 |
| CE (ntarengwa) | — | 0.45 |
Icyitonderwa: EN 10248 S355GP ifite imipaka ikomeye kuri karuboni, fosifore na sulfure, bigatuma habaho ubushuhe n'ubukomere bwiza ugereranije na ASTM A252 GR.3. Ibyiciro byombi byagenewe gukoreshwa mu gukurura ibintu hamwe n'ubushuhe bwiza bwo kwihanganira imihangayiko idacitse. Umupaka wa karuboni ingana na (CEV) wa 0.45% kuri S355GP utuma habaho ubushuhe bwiza bwo gusudira mu murima mu gufunga ibirundo.
Imiterere ya mekanike (Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba):
| Umutungo | ASTM A252 GR.3 | EN 10248 S355GP |
| Imbaraga z'umusaruro (iminota) | 345 MPa (50,000 psi) | 355 MPa (51,500 psi) |
| Imbaraga zo Gufata (iminota) | 455 MPa (66,000 psi) | 470 MPa (68,200 psi) |
| Uburebure (iminota) | 20% (kuri 50mm gauge) | 19% (Uburebure) |
| Ubukomere bw'Ingaruka | Ntabwo byagaragajwe | Joule 27 kuri 0°C (ni ngombwa) |
*Icyitonderwa: EN 10248 S355GP itanga umusaruro muto cyane n'imbaraga zo gukurura ugereranije na ASTM A252 GR.3. Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu mazi risaba gukomera ku bushyuhe buke, EN 10248 yemerera gupima ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwa 0°C (nibura Joules 27). Kuri ASTM A252 GR.3, gupima ingaruka si itegeko ariko bishobora kugaragazwa nk'inyongera.*
Kugereranya Ingano z'Imiyoboro ya Piling:
| Icyiciro | Imbaraga z'umusaruro (MPa) | Imbaraga zo Gukurura (MPa) | Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha |
| ASTM A252 GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Umusingi woroheje, imigozi migufi |
| ASTM A252 GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Umutwaro uringaniye, umusingi w'inyubako |
| ASTM A252 GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Umutwaro uremereye, wo mu mazi, urufatiro rurerure |
| EN 10248 S235GP | 235 | 360 | Guteranya amashuka yoroheje, gutondeka amashuka |
| EN 10248 S275GP | 275 | 410 | Inkuta zirinda umutwaro uringaniye |
| EN 10248 S355GP | 355 | 470 | Urufatiro rukomeye rw'inyanja, urufatiro rurerure |
*Icyitonderwa: Ku mishinga ikomeye cyane yo mu mazi isaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gutwara no kwinjira mu buryo bwimbitse, ASTM A252 GR.3 na EN 10248 S355GP ni byo bipimo byemewe. Ku mishinga isaba imbaraga nyinshi kurushaho (kugeza kuri 460 MPa), API 5L X65 cyangwa EN 10225 S460G10+M ishobora gufatwa nk'ubundi buryo.*
3. Iyubahirizwa ry'ibipimo n'amahame ngenderwaho
Womic Steel itanga imiyoboro y'ibyuma byo mu mazi mu buryo bwagutse, ikurikiza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga ya ASTM A252, EN 10248. Inzira zombi za ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) na LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) zirahari kugira ngo zigere ku rugero rwuzuye rw'umurambararo.
| Ikintu | Ibisobanuro |
| Igisanzwe | ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) / EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP) |
| Uburyo bwo gukora | ERW (219mm-660mm OD) / LSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) / SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) |
| Intera y'Ubugari bwo Hanze | ERW: 219mm - 660mm (8 "- 26") / LSAW / SSAW: 508mm - 3000mm (20 "- 120") |
| Ubunini bw'urukuta | ERW: 6.0mm – 25.4mm / LSAW/SSAW: 6.0mm – 50.8mm |
| Intera y'uburebure | Uburebure busanzwe: 6m, 12m, 18m / Uburebure busanzwe: kugeza kuri 60m |
| Irangizwa rya nyuma | Impeta Isanzwe (PE) / Impeta Ifite Ibara Rito (BE) hamwe n'impeta z'icyuma zikozwe mu buryo bw'intagereranywa. |
| Kurangiza ubuso | Irimo ubusa / Irimo amavuta / Irimo umukara / 3PE / FBE / Epoxy y'amakara |
| Kwihanganirana | OD: ± 1.0% / WIT: -0% + 15% (ASTM) cyangwa ± 10% (EN) / Uburebure: + 50mm -0mm |
4. Ibipimo n'ibisobanuro bihari - Umuyoboro w'icyuma cyo mu mazi
Umuyoboro wa ERW (219mm – 660mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Ubunini bw'urukuta (mm) Amahitamo | Uburemere (kg/m2) | Uburebure Busanzwe |
| 219.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 | 31.5 - 75.5 | 6m / 12m |
| 273.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0 | 39.5 - 113.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 323.9 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 47.0 - 149.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 355.6 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 51.7 - 180.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 406.4 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 59.2 - 235.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 457.2 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 88.6 - 266.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 508.0 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 98.6 - 297.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 558.8 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 108.7 - 329.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 609.6 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 118.7 - 360.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 660.4 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 128.7 - 391.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Umuyoboro wo gukurura LSAW (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Ubunini bw'urukuta (mm) Amahitamo | Uburemere (kg/m2) | Uburebure Busanzwe |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0 – 25.4 | 74.3 – 366.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0 – 30.0 | 89.4 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 8.0 – 35.0 | 148.8 – 758.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1.067 | 10.0 – 40.0 | 222.9 – 1.013.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1.067 – 1.220 | 12.0 – 45.0 | 312.2 – 1.303.9 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1.220 – 1.422 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 357.6 – 1.692.0 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1.422 – 1.625 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 417.3 – 1.941.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1.625 – 2.000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 477.1 – 2,441.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 588.5 – 3.065.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 736.5 – 3.693.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Icyitonderwa: Ingano zihariye hanze y'izi ntera ziraboneka iyo ubisabye. Ingano nini (kugeza kuri 4,000mm / 160") ziraboneka ku mishinga yihariye.
5. Imiyoboro Isanzwe yo Gupima, Amashanyarazi n'Amahame y'Ishingiro Byakozwe na Womic Steel
| Igisanzwe | Ibyiciro by'icyuma | Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha |
| Amabwiriza ya ASTM yo Gupima Ibice | ||
| ASTM A252 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe ku miyoboro y'ibyuma ivanze kandi idafite umushono) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Imiyoboro y'ibyuma yo gushingiraho imizigo miremire, imigozi yo mu mazi |
| ASTM A500 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe ku miyoboro y'ibyuma bya karuboni ikozwe mu buryo bukonje kandi idafite umushongi) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Imiyoboro y'uruziga/kare yubatswe mu nyubako yo gukurura no gufunga |
| ASTM A501 (Ibisobanuro Bisanzwe ku miyoboro y'ibyuma bya karuboni ishyushye kandi idafite umushongi) | GR.A, GR.B | Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ishyushye yo gushyiramo ibintu |
| ASTM A690 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe byo gupima ibyuma bifite imbaraga nke bya nikeli, umucuzi, fosiforusiya n'ibice by'icyuma) | Icyiciro cy'umusare | Ibyuma birwanya ingese mu mazi yo mu nyanja |
| ASTM A572 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe by'icyuma cyubatswe mu byuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi bike) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Ubushyinguro bw'imiterere bufite imbaraga nyinshi kandi budafite aloyi nyinshi |
| ASTM A588 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe by'icyuma cyubatswe mu buryo buhanitse gifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi kidahura n'ubushyuhe mu kirere) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Inkingi z'icyuma zirimo umuyaga, urufatiro rw'ikiraro |
| ASTM A913 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe by'imiterere y'icyuma gifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi giciriritse gifite imiterere myiza) | GR.50, GR.60, GR.65, GR.70 | Ibyuma bikomeye kandi bifasha gusudira neza |
| ASTM A857 (Ibipimo Bisanzwe byo Gushyiramo Amabati y'Icyuma, Ifite Ubukonje, Ifite Agakingirizo Koroheje) | — | Urupapuro rw'urumuri rukonje rukozwe mu buryo bukonje |
| EN / DIN / BS / NF Ibipimo ngenderwaho | ||
| EN 10248 (Uburyo bwo gushyiramo impapuro z'icyuma zishyushye - Ibisabwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki ku byuma bidakoresha aloyi) | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Ibikoresho by'icyuma bishyushye bizingiye hamwe n'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro |
| EN 10219 (Ibice by'icyuma bikonje bikozwe mu buryo buvanze n'ubukonje bigamije ubwubatsi) | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Ibice by'ubukonje bifite imiterere ivanze n'ubukonje kugira ngo bishyirwemo |
| EN 10025 (Ibikoresho bishyushye by’ibyuma by’ubwubatsi - Ibyuma bidakoresha alloy) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S420ML, S460ML | Icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu byuma byo gukurura no gukoresha mu mazi |
| EN 10225 (Ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bishobora gusukurwa ku nyubako zidahinduka zo mu nyanja) | S355G8+M, S355G10+M, S420G1+QT, S460G1+QT | Ibyuma byo mu mazi n'ibyo mu mazi byo gukurura |
| EN 10348 (Icyuma cyo gushyiramo impapuro - Icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu buryo butari alloy) | S240GP, S270GP, S320GP, S355GP | Inkuta zihambiriyeho icyuma zishyushye zo gukingira inkuta |
| DIN 2458 (Imiyoboro n'ibikoresho by'icyuma byasutswe - Ibisabwa rusange mu gutanga ibikoresho - byasimbuwe na EN 10219) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma isanzwe yo mu Budage ikoreshwa mu gukurura |
| DIN 17100 (Icyuma gikoreshwa mu nyubako rusange - cyasimbuwe na EN 10025) | St37-2, St44-2, St52-3 | Icyuma gisanzwe cy’ubwubatsi cy’Abadage cyo gukurura |
| BS 1387 (Ibisobanuro ku miyoboro n'udupira tw'icyuma dufite screws na socketed - byasimbuwe na EN 10255) | Icyiciro cya A, Icyiciro cya B, Icyiciro cya C | Imiyoboro y'icyuma isanzwe yo mu Bwongereza ikoreshwa mu gukurura no gukata |
| BS 4360 (Ibisobanuro ku byuma by'ubwubatsi bishobora gusukurwa - byasimbuwe na EN 10025) | Icyiciro cya 43A, 43B, 50B | Icyuma gisanzwe cyo mu Bwongereza cyo gukurura ibintu (cya kera) |
| NF A49-311 (Tubes en acier soudés pour le pillage - Igipimo cyogutwara igifaransa) | E24, E36 | imiyoboro y'icyuma isanzwe yo mu Bufaransa ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika |
| Amabwiriza agenga API / JIS / KS / AS / CSA yo gutondeka | ||
| API 5L (Ibisobanuro by'umuyoboro w'umurongo) | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Umuyoboro w'amazi ukoreshwa mu gukurura (ukunze kugaragara mu mazi) |
| API 2B (Ibisobanuro ku gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma mu nyubako ku bikorwa byo mu mazi) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma yo mu mazi |
| JIS A5525 (Imiyoboro y'ibyuma) | SKK490, SKK540 | Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikoreshwa mu byambu n'inyubako zo mu mazi |
| JIS A5528 (Ibirundo by'impapuro z'icyuma) | SY295, SY390 | Ibikoresho by'icyuma bikozwe mu cyuma bikoreshwa mu kubaka icyambu |
| JIS A5526 (Ibirundo by'Ibyuma) | SYW295, SYW390 | Igikoresho cy'icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu mpapuro |
| JIS G3444 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni ikoreshwa mu bikorwa rusange) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni yo gushyiramo ibintu mu buryo bw'inyubako |
| JIS G3136 (Ibyuma bizingiye byo kubaka inyubako) | SN400, SN490 | Ibyuma byo kubaka ishingiro ry'inyubako |
| KS D 3566 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni ikoreshwa mu nyubako rusange - Igipimo ngenderwaho cya Koreya) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Imiyoboro isanzwe yo muri Koreya yo gushyiramo ibikoresho |
| KS D 3862 (Ibintu by'imiyoboro y'icyuma - Ibisanzwe bya Koreya) | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Imiyoboro isanzwe y'ibyuma yo muri Koreya yo kubaka inyubako z'icyambu |
| AS 1163 (Ibice by'icyuma gifite ububobere - Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo muri Ositaraliya) | C250, C350, C450 | Ibice bisanzwe by'imiterere y'ubutaka byo muri Ositaraliya byo gushyiramo ibintu binini |
| AS 1074 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma na Tubulari ku mirimo isanzwe - Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Ositaraliya) | — | imiyoboro isanzwe y'icyuma yo muri Ositaraliya yo gushyiramo ibikoresho rusange |
| CSA G40.21 (Icyuma cy'ubuziranenge bw'inyubako - Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo muri Kanada) | 44W, 50W, 50A | Icyuma gisanzwe cyo muri Kanada cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho |
| NORSOK / DNV / ISO Ibipimo ngenderwaho | ||
| NORSOK Y15 (Inyubako z'ibyuma byo mu mazi - Ibikenewe mu bikoresho) | S355, S420, S460 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Noruveje ku nyubako z'ibyuma byo mu mazi |
| NORSOK M-650 (Impamyabushobozi y'abakora ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa mu mahanga) | Amanota yose | Ibyemezo byo gutanga ibikoresho mu mahanga |
| DNV-OS-B101 (Ibikoresho by'icyuma byo kubaka inyubako zo mu mazi) | S355, S420, S460 | Igipimo ngenderwaho cya DNV cyo gukurura ibyuma byo mu mazi |
| DNV-OS-C201 (Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'ibice by'inyanja - Ibikenewe mu bikoresho) | S355, S420, S460 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya DNV mu gutunganya inyubako zo mu nyanja |
| ISO 630 (Ibyuma by'ubwubatsi - Amasahani, ibisenge binini, imigozi, ibice) | Fe360, Fe430, Fe510 | Igipimo mpuzamahanga cyo gushyiramo ibyuma mu nyubako |
| ISO 3183 (Inganda za peteroli na gaze karemano - Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gutwara imiyoboro) | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | ISO ingana na API 5L yo gushyiramo imiyoboro y'imirongo |
| Andi Mabwiriza Mpuzamahanga yo Gupima Ibice | ||
| GOST 10706 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe ku miyoboro n'inyubako - Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Abarusiya) | St20, St35, St45 | imiyoboro y'icyuma isanzwe yo mu Burusiya ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika |
| GOST 20295 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe ku miyoboro minini ya gaze na peteroli - Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Uburusiya) | K38, K52, K60 | Umuyoboro usanzwe w'umuyoboro w'Abarusiya ukoreshwa mu gukurura |
| NBR 8261 (Ibyuma byo kubaka - Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo muri Brezili) | — | Imiyoboro isanzwe yo gukurura ibyuma muri Brezili |
| IRAM 688 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu nyubako - Igipimo ngenderwaho cya Argentine) | F24, F36 | Imiyoboro isanzwe yo muri Argentine yo gukurura ibintu |
| SANS 657 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu nyubako - Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo muri Afurika y'Epfo) | — | Imiyoboro isanzwe yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yo gushyiramo ibikoresho |
Ikoreshwa:Gushinga imizigo miremire, gushinga imigozi yo mu mazi, gushingira urubuga rwo ku nkengero z'inyanja, kubaka icyambu n'icyambu, gushingira ikiraro, kurinda inkombe, inzira y'amazi, uburyo bwo gufunga, ikirundo cy'ikoti, kubaka icyambu n'icyambu, gutunganya ubutaka, guhugura ku migezi, ubwubatsi bw'imiyoboro y'amazi, kubaka icyambu cy'amazi menshi, gushimangira imitingito, inkuta zirinda imiyoboro y'amazi, gushingira umuyaga wo mu mazi menshi, gushingira imiyoboro y'amazi, inkuta zo gufunga imiyoboro y'amazi, inkuta zo gufunga imiyoboro y'amazi
6. Uburyo bwo gukora - ERW & LSAW Icyuma cy'imiyoboro
Uburyo bwo gusudira ERW (Gusudira Ubudahangarwa bw'Amashanyarazi) bwo gukurura imiyoboro (219mm – 660mm OD):
Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo (Coil):Ibyuma bishyushye bizunguruka byemezwa niba bifite imiterere ya shimi, imiterere ya mekanike, n'ubwiza bw'ubuso ugereranije na ASTM A252, EN 10248, cyangwa ibisabwa n'umukiriya. Buri korali ihabwa inomero yihariye y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo irebe ko ibikoresho byose bikurikiranwa neza mu gihe cyose cyo gukora.
Gufungura no Kugena urwego:Ibyuma bishyirwa ku cyuma gisohora imashini (uncoiler) bigashyirwa mu cyuma gipima neza imashini kugira ngo igorore neza, bikureho imashini ishyiraho imashini kandi bikagira uburyo bwo gufunga neza kugira ngo ikore neza.
Gusya no Gukata Inkombe:Impande zombi z'icyuma zirebire zirasya kandi zigakatwa ku buryo bukwiye bwo kwihanganira ubugari (± 0.5mm). Gutegura impande bituma habaho ubuso busukuye kandi bungana n'ubw'ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bwiza.
Gutunganya (Gutunganya mu gihe cy'ubukonje):Agace karinganiye kanyura mu ruhererekane rw'imizingo ikora buhoro buhoro (igabanuka, inyuzwa ku ruhande, n'ibice byo gupfunyika) buhoro buhoro gakora agace karinganiye kakamera nk'uruziga rufunguye (igishishwa cy'umuyoboro) hamwe n'impande ziteguye gusudira.
Gusudira inshuro nyinshi (HFW / ERW):Umuyoboro wakozwe unyura mu byuma bishyushya cyane cyangwa inkweto zo gufatana. Umuriro ushyushya cyane (ubusanzwe 200-500 kHz) ushyushya impande zo guhuza kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo gushongesha (hafi 1,350-1,500°C). Gushongesha ibintu mu buryo bwa Solid-state bibaho iyo impande zishyushye zihujwe hamwe hakoreshejwe imigozi yo gushongesha, bigatuma habaho gushongesha gushyushya nta bikoresho byongeweho.
Gukuraho udusaro two gusudira (imbere n'inyuma):Umucyo w'imbere n'uw'inyuma (icyuma cyoroshye cyane) ukurwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya karubide (ibyuma byo gusiga ibara ry'umukara) mu gihe agace ko gusigamo kakiri gashyushye, bigatuma ubuso burushaho kuba bwiza kandi budafite imbaraga nyinshi zo gusukamo.
Ingano n'Ishusho:Umuyoboro uhambiriwe unyura mu ruhererekane rw'imizingo y'ingano kugira ngo ugere ku buremere bwa nyuma bw'umurambararo wo hanze (ubusanzwe ± 0.5% kugeza ± 1.0% bitewe n'ibisanzwe).
Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe (Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe):Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa risaba ubushobozi bwo gukurura cyangwa kugabanya stress, agace ko gusudira (cyangwa umuyoboro wose) gashobora gukorerwa ubushyuhe buri kuri interineti cyangwa hanze yabwo. Gushyira ubushyuhe kuri 890-930°C bituma imiterere mito ya ferrite-pearlite ingana.
Gukata kugeza ku burebure:Umuyoboro uhoraho ucibwa ku burebure bwagenwe hakoreshejwe inkero ziguruka (zikonje) hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura uburebure buhanitse (± 3mm ku burebure busanzwe, + 50mm -0mm ku bipimo byo gufunga).
Ikizamini Kidasenya (NDT):
Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Sisitemu ya UT yikora igenzura umushongi wose w’umuyoboro w’amazi n’umuyoboro wose wuzuye kugira ngo harebwe niba hari aho uboshye, hari aho uboshye, ndetse ko nta n’aho uboshye.
Ikizamini cya Eddy Current (ET):Igenzura rihoraho ry’ubuziranenge bw’ubusoda kuri interineti mu gihe cyo gukora.
Gupima amazi (Uburyo bwo guhitamo):Iboneka iyo umukiriya abisabye kugira ngo akore porogaramu z’ingenzi zo gukusanya amakuru zisaba kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’umuvuduko.
Kurangiza:Impera zisanzwe (ziciwe kare) cyangwa impera zikozwe mu buryo bwa bevel (inguni ya bevel ya 30°-35°) nk'uko umukiriya abiteganya. Impeta z'icyuma zikozwe mu buryo bwa sacrifice zishobora guterwa ku mpera z'imiyoboro kugira ngo zirusheho kurindwa mu gihe cyo gukurura imigozi.
Igenzura rya nyuma n'ibimenyetso:Igenzura ry’amaso ku buso bw’ibinyabutabire, kugenzura imiterere y’ibipimo (OD, WT, uburebure, imiterere igororotse), n’ikimenyetso gihoraho hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho (harimo urwego, ingano, inomero y’ubushyuhe, n’indangamuntu y’uruganda).
Uburyo bwo gusudira umuyoboro wa LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) bwo gukurura umuyoboro (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo (Isahani):Ibyuma bisohoka byemezwa niba bifite imiterere ya shimi, imiterere ya mekanike, ubwiza bw'ubuso, n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo ukurikije ASTM A252, EN 10248, cyangwa ibisabwa n'umukiriya. Buri shomoro rihabwa inomero yihariye y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo rikurikirane neza.
Gutegura Inkombe z'Isahani (Kuzibagiza):Impande z'icyuma zirebire zirazunguruka (ubusanzwe ziba ari V imwe cyangwa V ebyiri) hakoreshejwe imashini zisya impande kugira ngo habeho imiterere ikwiye yo gusudira arc iri munsi y'amazi.
Gucura isahani (Gukora):Isahani yateguwe ikorwa mu buryo bufunguye bw'umuzenguruko hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukanda plaque (JCO forming, UO forming, cyangwa 3-roll / 4-rolls hifashishijwe uburebure n'ubugari bw'ibikenewe).
Gusudira ku mpande:Umugozi ufunguye uhambirwa ku buryo burambuye kugira ngo ukomeze kugira imiterere y'uruziga mu gihe cyo gusudira.
Gusudira imbere mu mazi (SAW):Umugozi w'imbere ukozwe mu buryo bwa longitudinal ukoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gusudira byikora bikozwe mu buryo bwa automatic hamwe n'insinga zihuye neza (ubusanzwe inzira imwe cyangwa nyinshi zinyura bitewe n'ubugari bw'urukuta).
Gusudira Umugozi wo hanze winjijwe mu mazi (SAW):Umugozi wo hanze ukozwe mu buryo bwa longitudinal ukoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gusudira byikora, bikarangiza gusudira byuzuye.
Kwagura (Birakenewe):Umuyoboro ushongeshejwe ushobora kwaguka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (ubusanzwe kwaguka kwa 0.3-1.5%) kugira ngo wongere imiterere y’ibipimo (kuzunguruka no kugororoka) no kugabanya imihangayiko isigaye yo gusudira.
Ikizamini Kidasenya (NDT):
Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Sisitemu ya UT yikora igenzura umushongi wose w’umuyoboro (w’imbere n’uw’inyuma) n’uwuzuye w’umuyoboro kugira ngo harebwe niba hari imiyoboro, ibintu biwurimo, ko nta guhuza, n’ibindi bintu bidafite aho bihuriye.
Isuzuma rya Radiographic (RT):Isuzuma rya X-ray cyangwa gamma-ray ry'umushongi w'ubudozi (ahantu cyangwa uburebure bwose nk'uko byagaragajwe) kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw'ubudozi n'uburyo bukoreshwa.
Igenzura ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MPI):Igenzura ry'amano yo gusonera n'agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo harebwe niba hari imiyoboro cyangwa aho bihagarara.
Kurangiza:Impera zisanzwe (ziciwe kare) cyangwa impera zikozwe mu buryo bwa bevele (inguni ya bevele ya 30°-35° hamwe na 1.6mm ± 0.8mm) nk'uko umukiriya abiteganya. Impeta z'icyuma zikozwe mu buryo bwa sacrifice zishobora guterwa ku mpera z'imiyoboro kugira ngo zirinde gukurura imigozi.
Igenzura rya nyuma n'ibimenyetso:Igenzura ry’amaso ku buso bw’ibice, kugenzura imiterere y’ibice (OD, WT, uburebure, imiterere igororotse, uruziga), n’ikimenyetso gihoraho hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho.
7. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge no gupima imiyoboro yo gupakira
| Urugendo | Uburyo bwo kugenzura | Intego |
| Ibikoresho fatizo | Isesengura ry'ibinyabutabire (OES Spectrometer) | Kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'imipaka y'ibikubiye muri ASTM A252 / EN 10248 |
| Ibikoresho fatizo | Isuzuma ry'umukandara | Genzura imbaraga z'umusaruro, imbaraga zo gukurura, uburebure |
| Ibikoresho fatizo | Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (Isahani/Ikoyili) | Kumenya laminations z'imbere n'ibisembwa |
| Irimo Gutegurwa (ERW) | Igenzura ry'ibipimo (Mikorometero, Kalipere) | Igenzura OD, WT mu gihe cyo gukora no gupima ingano |
| Ishyirwa mu bikorwa (LSAW) | Igenzura ry'itegurwa ry'inkombe | Genzura inguni y'umusenyi, aho ugwa, n'imiterere y'ubuso |
| Agace ko gusudira (ERW) | Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT) - Kuri Interineti | Kumenya aho ubusitani buhagarara, kutagira aho buhurira |
| Agace ko gusudira (LSAW) | Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT) - Kwikora ku buryo bwikora | Igenzura ryuzuye ry'umushongi wo gusudira kugira ngo harebwe inenge z'imbere n'inyuma |
| Agace ko gusudira (LSAW) | Isuzuma rya Radiographic (RT) | Genzura uburyo amazi yinjira, aho amazi yinjira, aho amazi yinjira n'aho ashyirwa mu kajagari |
| Agace ko gusudira | Igenzura ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MPI) | Gupima imivuniko yo hejuru (gusudira na HAZ) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Igenzura ry'ibipimo | Genzura OD, WT, uburebure, ubutungane, uruziga |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Isuzuma rya Hydrostatic (Ntabwo ari ngombwa) | Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'igitutu ku bikorwa by'ingenzi |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cya Konted Bend | Genzura ko ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bw'ibicuruzwa bisudishwa |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cyo Kugabanya Ingufu (ERW gusa) | Genzura ko umuyoboro w'amazi ugenda neza kandi ko umeze neza |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cy'ingaruka za Charpy V-Notch (Ntabwo ari ngombwa) | Emeza ko ubushyuhe buri hasi bushobora gukoreshwa mu mazi |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cy'Ubukomere (Ntabwo ari ngombwa) | Emeza ubukana ntarengwa bwo gusudira |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Igenzura ry'amaso n'ubuso | Reba niba hari inenge zo ku buso, imigozi, n'imivuniko |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Igenzura ry'ibimenyetso | Menya neza ko ikimenyetso gihoraho gikurikizwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho |
Ibizamini by'ubushake ku busabe bw'ingenzi bwo mu mazi n'ubwo mu nyanja:
● Ikizamini cya CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) cyo kureba niba imvune ikomeye
● Ikizamini cya HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) kuri NACE TM0284
● Ikizamini cya SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) kuri NACE TM0177
● Gupima Ubukomere (HV10 cyangwa HRC) kugira ngo harebwe niba serivisi idafite akamaro
Inyandiko z'ubuziranenge:
● Icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda hakurikijwe EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 2.2, 3.1, cyangwa 3.2
● Raporo y'ikizamini cya Ultrasonic (ubushyuhe n'umubiri)
● Raporo y'ikizamini cya X-ray (niba cyaravuzwe)
● Raporo y'igenzura ry'ibipimo
● Uburyo bwo gukurikirana kuva ku mubare w'ubushyuhe kugeza ku muyoboro warangiye
8. Ikoreshwa ry'ibanze - Umuyoboro wo gutondeka ibyuma byo mu mazi
Imiyoboro ya ASTM A252 GR.3 na EN 10248 S355GP yo gukurura ibyuma byo mu mazi ni ingenzi mu mishinga ikomeye y’urufatiro, ubwubatsi bw’amazi, n’ubwubatsi bukomeye:
Gushyiramo urufatiro rwimbitse:Imigozi itwara imizigo ku nyubako ndende, ibiraro, inganda, n'inyubako ziremereye zikenera inkunga y'urufatiro rwimbitse. Ingufu nyinshi za GR.3 na S355GP zemerera uburebure bw'umuvuduko bwimbitse kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo buri hejuru.
Umuryango w’Ihuriro ry’Abakozi bo mu Nyanja n’Abasohoka mu Nyanja:Imigozi y'ifatizo ku mbuga zirimo peteroli na gaze, imashini zicukura, imbuga zikora, n'ishingiro ry'imiyoboro y'umuyaga yo mu nyanja. Imigozi yo mu mazi igomba kwihanganira ingaruka z'imiraba, imbaraga z'umuraba, n'ibidukikije byo mu mazi yangiza.
Kubaka icyambu, icyambu n'icyambu:Gushyiramo ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa kontineri, ibyambu by’imizigo myinshi, aho abagenzi bahagarara, aho Ro-Ro ikorera, n’aho imizigo ihurira. Ibigo bitanga inkunga y’inyubako z’ubwato, aho dolphin zihambirira, n’aho dolphin zifungira amabere.
Umusingi w'ikiraro n'umuyoboro:Imigozi miremire y'ifatizo ku nkuta z'ibiraro, imiyoboro y'ibyuma, n'imitako y'iminara y'ibiraro bigumamo insinga n'ibiraro bimanitse. Imigozi ijyana imizigo ku nkuta zishoboye gutwara imizigo.
Kurinda Inkombe n'Urukuta rw'Inyanja:Gutera inkuta z'inyanja, imitako y'inkombe, kurinda inkombe, no kurwanya isuri. Imiyoboro y'ibyuma itanga inkunga ikomeye ku nyubako z'ibikoresho by'intambara n'inkuta za beto.
Kubaka ububiko bw'amazi n'indege:Guteranya imitako y'amazi yo mu birundo by'ibitaka, imitako y'amazi yo mu nkuta ihagaze, imiyoboro y'amazi n'imirongo. Imitako itanga urufatiro ruhamye rw'inyubako zikuraho imiraba.
Inkunga ya sisitemu ya Fender:Ishyigikira imigozi yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga ubwato mu mazi ku cyambu no ku nyubako zo gupakira ubwato. Imigozi ifata ingufu zo gupakira ubwato kandi ikarinda ubwato n'imiterere yabwo mu gihe cyo kubupakira.
Ikoti ry'umurundo w'ibikoresho bya peteroli na gaze:Guteranya inyubako z'ikoti zishyigikira imbuga zikora peteroli na gaze. Ibirundo binini by'umurambararo kandi binini binyuzwa mu maguru y'ikoti hanyuma bigashyirwa mu mwanya wabyo.
Kuvugurura no Gutunganya Ubutaka Inkuta z'Inyanja:Gutera inyubako zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, inkuta z'inyanja zikikije, n'imirongo yo gusana. Inkuta zitanga imiterere myiza y'imishinga yo kwagura ubutaka.
Amahugurwa ku migezi no kurwanya imyuzure:Guteranya imiyoboro yo kurinda inkombe z'uruzi, kuyobora inkombe, imiyoboro y'amazi n'inyubako zo kurwanya imyuzure. Imiyoboro y'ibyuma itera imbaraga inkombe z'uruzi kandi ikarinda kwangirika no gusukurwa.
Ubwubatsi bw'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ubucukuzi:Gutera imigozi yo gukata no gupfuka, inkuta z'ibirundo byihishe, n'inyubako zishyigikira inzira y'imigozi. Imigozi itanga inkunga ihagaze n'iy'inyuma ku nyubako zo munsi y'ubutaka.
Ikigo gishinzwe kuvugurura imitingito:Gutegura inyubako zisanzwe zigomba kuvugurura imitingito, harimo ishingiro ry'ibiraro, ishingiro ry'inyubako, n'inyubako z'icyambu bisaba imbaraga zo kurwanya imitingito.
9. Gupakira no Kohereza - Umuyoboro wo gupakira ibyuma byo mu mazi
Imiyoboro yo gupakira ibyuma byo mu mazi ya ASTM A252 GR.3 na EN 10248 S355GP irapfunyikwa kandi ikoherezwa mu buryo bwitondewe cyane kugira ngo irinde uburinzi bwayo mu gihe cyo kuyitwara. Dore ibisobanuro by'uburyo bwo gupakira no kohereza imiyoboro minini yo gupakira:
Gupfunyika:
Ubwikorezi burinda:Mbere yo gupakira, imiyoboro ishobora gusigwa amavuta yo kurwanya ingese cyangwa varnish irinda kugira ngo hirindwe ingese no gushonga ku buso mu gihe cyo kubibika no kubitwara. Irangi ridafite ibara riboneka kandi kugira ngo rishyirweho irangi ako kanya aho rigenewe cyangwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi aho hagenwe uburyo bwo kwangirika.
Guhuza (Ubugari buto):Ku miyoboro mito y'umurambararo (ubusanzwe iri munsi ya mm 610 / 24"), imiyoboro ihuzwa hamwe mu migozi ifite impande esheshatu cyangwa impande enye. Ifatwa hakoreshejwe imigozi y'icyuma (ubusanzwe imigozi 3-5 kuri buri mugozi ifite inkingi zirinda amarembo) kugira ngo hirindwe ko umugozi ugenda mu mugozi.
Gushyira hamwe ku giti cye (Ubugari bunini):Ku miyoboro minini y'umurambararo (irenga mm 610 / 24"), imiyoboro ikunze gufatwa no koherezwa ukwayo bitewe n'uburemere n'ingano. Igiti gikozwe mu mbaho cyangwa agapira gashyirwa hagati y'imiyoboro birinda kwangirika no kwangirika kw'igitambaro.
Imisozo y'impera:Imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma ishyirwa ku mpera zombi za buri muyoboro (cyangwa plastike ipfundikiye ku mpera zifunze) kugira ngo irinde impera zifunze, impera zisanzwe, n'imigozi yahujwe n'insinga kwangirika, imyanda yinjira, n'ubushuhe.
Impeta z'icyuma zitangwaho igitambo (Ntabwo ari ngombwa):Ku miyoboro yo gukurura ikenera uburinzi bukomeye mu gihe cyo gukurura imiyoboro, impeta z'icyuma zikozwe mu buryo bw'ingufu (ubusanzwe zifite ubugari bwa mm 50-100, ubugari bwa mm 6-12) zihambirwa ku mpera y'imiyoboro. Izi mpeta zifata imiyoboro y'inyundo kandi zikarinda impera y'umuyoboro kwangirika.
Gupfunyika no Guteka:Ku byoherezwa mu mahanga ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibikoresho byo gupfunyika nk'impeta z'ifuro, uduce twa rubber, cyangwa uduce tw'ibiti bikoreshwa hagati y'imiyoboro kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika, kwangirika kw'igitambaro, no kwangirika kw'ingaruka mu gihe cyo kubitwara no kubitwara.
Aho guterura:Imigozi yo guterura cyangwa ahantu habigenewe ho guterura ishobora kongerwa ku miyoboro iremereye (irenga kg 2.000 kuri buri muyoboro) kugira ngo byorohereze gupakurura ibintu mu mutekano aho bijya hakoreshejwe crane cyangwa forklift.
Kohereza:
Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu:Imiyoboro yoherezwa binyuze mu bwato bw'amakonteyineri (amakonteyineri ya metero 20 cyangwa metero 40 ku bugari buto), ubwikorezi bunini (gutandukanya bunini ku bugari bunini n'ubwinshi bunini), cyangwa ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, bitewe n'aho bujya, ingano y'ibicuruzwa, n'ubwihutirwe bwo gutanga. Amato y'imizigo y'umushinga ashobora gukoreshwa ku miyoboro minini cyane cyangwa miremire cyane.
Gushyira mu bubiko (Ubugari buto):Ku miyoboro mito y'umurambararo (ubusanzwe iri munsi ya mm 508 / 20"), imiyoboro ishyirwa mu makontena asanzwe ya metero 20 cyangwa metero 40 kugira ngo igenzurwe neza kandi itunganye. Gupakira kontena birinda imizigo imiterere y'ikirere, ubushuhe, n'ibindi byanduza byo hanze. Imiyoboro ntarengwa ikoreshwa mu kontena akenshi iba toni 20-25 kuri buri kontena ya metero 20.
Uburyo ubwato bunini bupakira (Ubugari bunini n'ingano nini):Ku mabwiriza y’ubwinshi bw’ibinyabiziga (ubusanzwe toni 500) cyangwa imiyoboro minini (irenga mm 508 / 20"), imiyoboro ishyirwa mu byuma bitwara imizigo cyangwa mu bwato bunini. Imigozi yo guterura n’imigozi yo gukwirakwiza imizigo birinda kwangirika mu gihe cyo gupakira imizigo. Gupfunyika imizigo, gufunga no gufata iminyururu bikoreshwa mu gukumira ko imizigo igenda mu gihe cyo gutwara imizigo mu mazi. Ubu buryo buhendutse cyane ku mishinga ikomeye yo gukusanya imizigo mu mazi.
Ibikoresho bifunguye hejuru cyangwa uburebure burebure (Byinshi cyane / Birenze urugero):Ku miyoboro irengeje ingano isanzwe y'ibigega (uburebure > metero 12 cyangwa umurambararo > metero 2.3), ibigega binini cyangwa ibigega bifunguye hejuru bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusohora ingano nyinshi. Ibi bigega byihariye bifasha gutwara imizigo minini mu buryo bwizewe.
Gushyiraho ibirango n'inyandiko:Buri gapfunyika cyangwa umuyoboro ku giti cyawo byanditseho amakuru y'ingenzi arimo urwego rw'ibikoresho, ibipimo, ingano, umubare w'ubushyuhe, umubare w'agapfunyika/umuyoboro, n'amabwiriza yo kuwukoresha. Inyandiko zuzuye zo kohereza zitegurwa kugira ngo zigenzurwe muri gasutamo no gukurikirana imizigo.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga gasutamo:Ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, inyandiko zose zikenewe kuri gasutamo—harimo inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo, icyemezo cy'aho bikomoka (niba bikenewe), ibyemezo by'ibizamini by'inganda, n'impushya zose zisabwa zo gutumizwa mu gihugu—birategurwa kugira ngo byemerwe neza ku cyambu cyoherezwamo.
Kwizirika mu buryo bwizewe:Mu modoka cyangwa mu gikoresho gitwara abantu, imigozi n'imiyoboro imwe imwe bihambiriwe neza kandi bihambiriwe hakoreshejwe imigozi y'icyuma (hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kurinda impfuruka), imifuka yo mu gitaka, imigozi y'ibiti, cyangwa iminyururu kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bihinduka, bikazunguruka, cyangwa bikagenda bishobora kwangiza mu gihe cyo kugenda.
Gukurikirana no gukurikirana:Sisitemu zigezweho zo gukurikirana ubwikorezi zikoreshwa mu kugenzura uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze no gutanga amakuru mashya ku bakiriya mu gihe nyacyo. Nimero zo gukurikirana ubwikorezi zitangwa ku bicuruzwa byose bicuruzwa. Gukurikirana ubwikorezi birahari kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishyirwe mu buryo bunini.
Ubwishingizi:Bitewe n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, ubwishingizi bw'imizigo yo mu mazi (Ingaruka zose cyangwa Ubwishingizi bw'impuzandengo) bushobora gutegurwa kugira ngo bwishyure igihombo cyangwa ibyangiritse bishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu. Ku mishinga yo kubaka ibirundo byo mu mazi ifite agaciro kanini, ubwishingizi bw'inyongera bwo gushyiraho no gushyiraho ibintu bushobora gusabwa.
Gahunda yo guterura ibintu biremereye:Ku miyoboro iremereye cyane (irenga kg 5.000 kuri buri muyoboro), ni byiza guhuza neza n'aho ijya kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bikoresho biremereye (cranes zifite ubushobozi buhagije, imiyoboro yihariye yo gukwirakwiza imizigo). Womic Steel itanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku mitwaro harimo uburemere bw'imiyoboro n'ingano bya buri muyoboro kugira ngo itegure umushinga.
Muri make, Womic Steel igenzura ko imiyoboro yose ya ASTM A252 GR.3 na EN 10248 S355GP yo mu mazi ipfunyitse neza mu nganda kandi ikoherezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwizewe bwo gutwara kugira ngo igere aho igeze imeze neza. Uburyo bwiza bwo gupakira no kohereza ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bitangwa, cyane cyane ku mishinga y'ingenzi y'ishingiro ry'amazi.
10. Ibyiza n'Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa mu byuma bya Womic Steel - Umuyoboro wo gutondeka ibyuma byo mu mazi
Kuki wafatanya na Womic Steel mu gukwirakwiza umuyoboro wa Marine Piling?
Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibikorwa n'ingano:Uburyo bwombi bwa ERW (219mm-660mm OD) na LSAW/SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) buboneka munsi y'igisenge kimwe, bigatuma hadakenewe abatanga ibikoresho benshi. Ubunini bw'urukuta bugera kuri 50.8mm n'uburebure bugera kuri 60m burahari ku mishinga y'urufatiro rwimbitse.
Ubushobozi bubiri busanzwe:Kubahiriza byuzuye amahame ya ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) na EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP), hamwe n'amahame y'inyongera (API 5L, EN 10219, JIS A5525, n'ibindi). Umutanga serivisi umwe ku bisabwa byinshi ku isoko.
Icyerekezo cy’ibikorwa byo mu mazi n’ibijyanye n’inyanja:Ubunararibonye bwihariye mu bikorwa byo gukusanya ibirundo byo mu mazi no mu nyanja harimo kubaka ibyambu, urubuga rwo mu mazi, ishingiro ry'ibiraro, n'imishinga yo kurinda inkombe. Gusobanukirwa ibisabwa mu kurinda ingese zo mu mazi no gukurura imbaraga.
Impeta z'icyuma zitangwaho igitambo:Gusudira impeta z'icyuma zikozwe mu buryo bw'ibumba mu nzu kugira ngo birusheho kurinda mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiyoboro, bigabanya guhindagurika kw'imiyoboro no gutinda kuyishyiraho.
Serivisi zo Kongera Agaciro:Udupira two ku mpera (30°-35°), gukata impera zisanzwe, gukingira (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), no gupfunyika birwanya ingese biboneka mu nzu cyangwa binyuze mu bigo by’abafatanyabikorwa babishoboye.
Ubushobozi bwo Kureshya:Kugeza kuri metero 60 z'uburebure bumwe ku mishinga y'urufatiro rw'inyubako, bigabanya ibisabwa mu gushyiramo imirima n'igihe cyo kuyishyiraho. Uburebure bwihariye burahari nta kiguzi cy'inyongera ku byiciro bisanzwe.
Ibikoresho bihiganwa:Ubufatanye bw’ingamba n’abashinzwe gutwara imizigo ku isi n’inzobere mu by’imizigo mu mishinga butuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara imizigo (ikonteyineri, ubwato bunini bukoreshwa mu gusohora imizigo, cyangwa ubwato bw’umushinga) kandi bugatwara amafaranga make ku isi yose ku miyoboro minini kandi minini yo gucukura imizigo.
Inyandiko zuzuye:Impamyabumenyi z’ibizamini byuzuye (EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 2.2, 3.1, cyangwa 3.2), raporo za NDT (UT, RT), raporo z’ibipimo, n’inyandiko z’uburyo ibintu bikurikiranwa byatanzwe kuri buri koherezwa. Igenzura ry’abandi (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) ryakozwe iyo risabwe.
Hitamo Womic Steel Group nk'umufatanyabikorwa wawe wizeye ku miyoboro myiza ya ASTM A252 GR.3 na EN 10248 S355GP yo gucukura ibyuma byo mu mazi ndetse n'imitangire myiza y'ibikoresho byo mu mazi, mu mazi no mu mishinga y'ishingiro ryimbitse ku isi yose. Murakaza neza kubaza!
Urubuga: www.womicsteel.com
Imeri: sales@womicsteel.com
Terefone/WhatsApp/WeChat:
Victor: +86-15575100681
Jack: +86-18390957568
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa) - Umuyoboro w'Ibyuma byo mu Nyanja
Q: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya ASTM A252 GR.3 na EN 10248 S355GP mu gukusanya ibirungo byo mu mazi?
A: ASTM A252 GR.3 (igipimo ngenderwaho cy’Abanyamerika) ifite imbaraga nkeya z’umusaruro zigera kuri 345 MPa (50.000 psi), mu gihe EN 10248 S355GP (igipimo ngenderwaho cy’i Burayi) ifite imbaraga nkeya z’umusaruro zigera kuri 355 MPa (51.500 psi). EN 10248 S355GP ifite kandi imipaka ikomeye y’ibinyabutabire (C, P, S iri hasi) hamwe n’ibisabwa ku igeragezwa ry’ingaruka ku bushyuhe buke. Byombi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mu gupima ingano y’amazi mu mazi. Amahitamo akenshi aterwa n’imiterere y’umushinga n’amahame ngenderwaho y’akarere. Ku mishinga yo muri Amerika na Aziya ikurikiza amahame ngenderwaho ya API/ASTM, GR.3 ni yo ikundwa. Ku mishinga yo mu Burayi, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, no muri Afurika, S355GP ikunze kuvugwa.
Q: Ni iyihe nzira yo gukora nkwiye guhitamo mu mushinga wanjye wo gukurura imiyoboro - ERW cyangwa LSAW?
A: Ku bijyanye n'ubugari bwo hanze bugera kuri mm 660 (inchi 26), ERW muri rusange ihendutse kandi itanga igihe cyo gukora vuba. Ku bijyanye n'ubugari kuva kuri mm 508 kugeza kuri mm 3,000 (inchi 20 kugeza 120), LSAW irakenewe kuko ikoranabuhanga rya ERW ridashobora gukora ubu bugari bunini. Ku bijyanye n'ubugari buri hejuru ya mm 3,000 (inchi 120), SSAW (spiral welded) ishobora kwitabwaho. Ibisabwa ku bugari bw'urukuta nabyo bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo inzira - LSAW ishobora kugera ku nkuta nini (kugeza kuri mm 50.8) ugereranije na ERW (ubusanzwe kugeza kuri mm 25.4). Womic Steel ishobora gutanga inama ku buryo bwiza bwo gukora hashingiwe ku byo ukeneye mu buryo bwihariye n'ingengo y'imari y'umushinga.
Q: Impeta y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gutamba igitambo ni iki kandi ni ryari ikwiye gukoreshwa?
A: Impeta y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gutanga igitambo ni igice gito cy'icyuma (ubusanzwe gifite ubugari bwa mm 50-100, ubugari bwa mm 6-12, umuyoboro uhuye na wo) gifatanye n'inkombe y'umuyoboro ukoreshwa mu gufunga. Ifata ingufu z'ingufu ziva mu inyundo ikoresha ikirundo, ikarinda impeta y'umuyoboro guhindagurika, gucika cyangwa gusenyuka. Impeta zitangwa mu gutanga igitambo zirasabwa kuri:
● Imiterere y'imodoka ikomeye (umucanga mwinshi, amabuye, aho gupfunyika amabuye)
● Inyundo ziremereye zikoresha imirundo (ingufu nyinshi)
● Imiyoboro y'inkuta nto (igipimo cy'umurambararo w'ubugari > 50)
● Imishinga ikomeye aho kwangirika kw'imiyoboro byatera gutinda ku gihe
● Imiyoboro isaba kudafata amazi nyuma yo gutwara
Q: Ni ubuhe burebure buhari bwo gukoresha imiyoboro yo mu mazi? Ese ushobora gutanga uburebure burebure kugira ngo ugabanye gufungana kw'umurima?
A: Uburebure busanzwe ni metero 6, metero 12, na metero 18. Ku mishinga y’ibanze n’iy’inyanja, dutanga uburebure bwihariye kugeza kuri metero 60 (metero 200) bitewe n’umurambararo n’ubugari bw’urukuta. Uburebure burebure butanga inyungu zikomeye: kugabanya umubare w’uduce tw’ubutaka (igiciro gito cyo gushyiraho, gahunda yihuta), kunoza imiterere y’inyubako, no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ibisasu. Ariko, uburebure burebure busaba gutwara byihariye (ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, amato manini, cyangwa imizigo y’umushinga) kandi bishobora kugira ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu kinini. Turakugira inama yo kunoza uburebure hashingiwe ku bisabwa n’umushinga, uburyo bwo gutwara, n’imbogamizi zo kugera aho ukorera. Tanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku mushinga wawe kugira ngo ubone uburebure bwihariye n’igihe cyo gutangira.
Q: Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusiga imiyoboro yo mu mazi kugira ngo birinde ingese yo mu mazi yo mu nyanja?
A: Dutanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gusiga irangi rirwanya ingese ku bidukikije byo mu mazi:
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy):Ifite urwego rumwe cyangwa ebyiri, ifite ubushobozi bwo gufatana neza no kudahuza kwa katodike, ubunini busanzwe ni mikoroni 300-500.
3LPE / 3LPP (Polyethylene y'urwego rutatu / Polypropylene):Uburinzi buhanitse bwa mekanike no kurwanya ingese, ubunini busanzwe bwa mm 2.0-4.5, bukwiriye ahantu ho mu mazi hakaze.
Epoxy ya Tar y'amakara:Ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'amazi n'uburinzi bwa cathodic, ubunini busanzwe ni mikoroni 300-600.
Gushyushya mu mazi ashyushye:Igishishwa cya zinc (ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya mikoroni 85-100), gitanga uburinzi ku hantu hangiritse igishishwa.
Epoxy y'amazi:Gusiga irangi rikoreshwa mu murima kugira ngo rikoreshwe neza kandi rikosorwe.
Igipfunyika cy'uburemere bwa beto (CWC):Ku miyoboro iri munsi y'amazi isaba ko amazi aba menshi.
Ku bikorwa byinshi byo gusiga ibikoresho byo mu mazi, gusiga ibikoresho bya 3LPE cyangwa FBE hamwe no kurinda katodike (anode z'amaturo cyangwa umuriro watewe inkunga) ni byo bigenderwaho mu nganda. Guhitamo gusiga ibikoresho biterwa n'imiterere y'amazi yo mu nyanja (ubushyuhe, umunyu, umwuka wa ogisijeni), igihe cyo gushushanya (imyaka 20-50), n'ingengo y'imari y'umushinga.
Q: Ese ushobora gutanga imiyoboro yo gufunga hamwe n'igenzura ry'umuntu wa gatatu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
A: Yego. Twakira kandi tugafasha igenzura rya DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, cyangwa uhagarariye umukiriya wese mu gihe cyo gukora (kwibonera igeragezwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo, igenzura ry’ibipimo, NDT, n’igenzura rya nyuma) na mbere yo kohereza. 3.2 Impamyabushobozi z’igenzura zemejwe n’inzego z’abandi zemewe zitangwa buri gihe iyo zibisabye. Ku mishinga yo mu mazi n’iyo mu mazi isaba kwemezwa n’ishyirahamwe ryo gushyira mu byiciro (DNV, ABS, LR, BV), duhuza n’ishyirahamwe mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo abashakashatsi bitabire ubushakashatsi kandi bemeze inyandiko.
Q: Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gupima budasenya (NDT) bukenewe ku miyoboro yo gucukuramo amazi yo mu mazi?
A: Kuri ASTM A252 GR.3, ibisabwa bisanzwe bya NDT ni bike (nta NDT itegetswe ku rwego rusanzwe). Ariko, ku bikorwa by'ingenzi byo mu mazi no mu nyanja, turasaba kandi dushobora gutanga:
Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic 100% (UT)y'umushongi wo gusudira n'umubiri w'umuyoboro (kuri LSAW na ERW)
Igenzura ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MPI)by'amano yo gusonera n'agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe
Isuzuma rya Radiographic (RT)y'umushonge wo gusudira (aho ari cyangwa uburebure bwose)
Gusuzuma Laminar UTz'inkombe z'amasahani mbere yo gusudira (kuri LSAW)
Kuri EN 10248 S355GP, umuguzi ashobora kugena ibizamini by'inyongera birimo UT cyangwa MPI. Buri gihe tubasaba kuganira ku bisabwa na NDT mu gihe cyo gutanga ibiciro kugira ngo harebwe neza aho ibizamini bigeze n'inyandiko zibigaragaza.
Q: Ni uburebure bungana iki ushobora gutanga ku muyoboro munini w'ibice (urugero, 2,000mm OD × 25mm WIT)?
A: Ku burebure bwa mm 2,000 × 25mm WT, dushobora gutanga uburebure bumwe bugera kuri metero 24 (hafi metero 80) mu gikorwa cya LSAW. Ku burebure burenga mm 1,500, uburebure ntarengwa bukunze kugengwa n'ingano y'ikibaho n'imbogamizi zo gutwara. Twandikire utubwire ibisabwa byihariye (OD, WT, uburebure, ingano) kugira ngo ubone isuzuma rirambuye ry'ubushobozi n'igihe cyo kwishyura. Ku mishinga isaba uburebure burenga imipaka isanzwe yo gutwara (urugero, > metero 24 ku burebure bunini), dushobora gufasha mu gutegura umushinga harimo n'ubwato cyangwa gahunda zidasanzwe zo gutwara.
Q: Ese mutanga serivisi zigezweho zo gushyira imiyoboro mu buryo bugezweho? Ni izihe mpungenge mushobora kugeraho?
A: Yego. Dutanga uburyo bwo gukata neza ku burebure bugenwa n'umukiriya hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gupima buto. Uburebure busanzwe ni +50mm / -0mm hakurikijwe ibisabwa na ASTM A252 na EN 10248. Ku mishinga isaba ubushobozi bwo gupima buto, dushobora kugera kuri ±3mm ku bugari bugera kuri 660mm (ERW) na ±5mm ku bugari bunini (LSAW) hamwe n'uburyo bwo kongera gutunganya. Gukata bishobora gukurikirwa no gupima impera (inguni ya 30°-35° bevel ifite 1.6mm ±0.8mm landing) yo gusudira field butt cyangwa kurangiza impera nk'uko bikenewe. Nyamuneka garagaza ibisabwa mu rwego rwo gupima ubugari mu gihe cy'ibiciro.
Q: Igihe gisanzwe cyo gutanga umuyoboro wa ASTM A252 GR.3 cyangwa EN 10248 S355GP wo mu mazi ni ikihe?
A: Igihe gisanzwe cyo gukoresha umuyoboro wo gukurura ukozwe mu nganda (utavuye mu bubiko) ni iminsi 30-45 yo gukoresha ERW n'iminsi 45-60 yo gukoresha LSAW, bitewe n'ingano y'ibiciro, umurambararo, ubugari bw'inkuta, n'ibisabwa byihariye byo gupima. Amabwiriza yihuta (iminsi 20-30) ashobora kuboneka ku bwinshi buto cyangwa ku bunini busanzwe bwakozwe mu bikoresho byo mu bubiko. Ku mishinga isaba igenzura ry'umuntu wa gatatu (SGS, BV, DNV, nibindi), ongeramo iminsi 5-10 yo gukoresha gahunda y'igenzura n'inyandiko. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha (FBE, 3LPE, nibindi), ongeramo iminsi 10-20 bitewe n'ubwoko bwo gukoresha n'ingano. Nyamuneka twandikire igihe cy'umushinga wawe kugira ngo umenye igihe cy'ibiciro by ...
Q: Ni izihe nyandiko zitangwa kuri buri kohereza imiyoboro yo mu mazi?
A: Buri koherezwa ririmo inyandiko yuzuye:
Icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda (MTC):kuri EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 (cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 2.2 / 3.2 iyo ubisabye) harimo imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, imiterere yo gukurura, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini bifatika
Raporo y'igenzura ry'ibipimo:harimo OD, WT, uburebure, kugororoka, uruziga
Raporo z'ibizamini bitangiza:Raporo za UT (isudira n'umubiri), raporo za RT (niba byavuzwe), raporo za MPI
Inyandiko zo gukurikirana:umubare w'ubushyuhe kugeza ku nyandiko z'uburyo imiyoboro ikurikiranwa
Urutonde rw'ibipakirwa:urutonde rw'ibipfunyika/imiyoboro rurambuye rufite ingano, ingano, n'uburemere
Itangazo ry'inyemezabuguzi n'ipaki y'ubucuruzi:ku bijyanye no kwemererwa kwishyura gasutamo
Icyemezo cy'aho ukomoka:niba bikenewe n'igihugu ugiyemo (C/O, Form E, cyangwa ikindi)
Raporo zo gusiga:niba hakoreshejwe irangi (ubugari, gufatana, kumenya ko hari ikiruhuko)
Kuri EN 10248 S355GP, inyandiko z'inyongera zirimo itangazo rya CE na Declaration of Performance (DoP) zishobora gutangwa iyo ubisabye.
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