1. Incamake y'ibicuruzwa – Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite imigozi upfundikiwe n'icyuma ni iki?
Aumuyoboro udafite umugozi ufatanye n'icyuma(izwi kandi nkaumuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umushongicyangwaUmuyoboro udafite umugozi wa CRA) ni umuyoboro w’ibinyabutabire ukora neza cyane ukorwa no guhuza burunduurwego rw'imbere rw'icyuma kirwanya ingese (CRA)kuriimbaraga nyinshi / urwego rwo hejuru rw'icyuma kirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa icyuma cya alloybinyuze mu nzira yo guhuza ibyuma. Bitandukanye n'imiyoboro ikozwe mu buryo bwa mekanike, ibice bibiri bigize agace k'ikwirakwizwa rya atome ku gice cy'aho bihurira - bikuraho burundu ibyago byo gusenyuka kw'imirongo, kubyimba, kubura iminkanyari, cyangwa gutandukana kw'imitsi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe cyangwa umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.
Imiyoboro itatu ivanze yavuye mu iperereza ryavuzwe haruguru igaragaza imiterere itatu itandukanye ya serivisi isaba imbaraga:
● Uruvange rwa 1: P265GH + TP304L– Icyuma gifata inyuma: EN10216-2 P265GH (icyuma gishyushya umuvuduko / urwego rwa boiler). Imbere: Icyuma kitagira umuvuduko cya 304L. Kibereye gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe buringaniye (≤450°C) nko mu duce twa boiler, imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe, n'imiyoboro y'imiti aho umwuka n'ibikoresho byangiza bike biboneka.
●Uruvange rwa 2: X10CrMoVNb9-1 + UNS N08028– Icyuma gifata inyuma: Icyuma cya T91 martensitic kirwanya ubushyuhe (X10CrMoVNb9-1). Imbere: Alloy 28 (UNS N08028, alloy ya Mo/Cu austenitic ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru). Iyi mvange irakomeraubushyuhe bugera kuri 650°Cmu gihe irwanya korode nyinshi, H₂S, na aside organic. Ikoreshwa mu bice bya superheater / reheater mu byuma bishyushya cyane no mu byuma bya peteroli bihumanya cyane.
●Uruvange rwa 3: P265GH + UNS N08825– Icyuma gifata inyuma: P265GH. Imbere: Incoloy 825 (icyuma cya nikeli gifite chromium alloy hamwe na Mo, Cu, Ti). Incoloy 825 itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kurwanya aside igabanya ogisijeni n'igabanya, kandi ikwiriye cyane cyaneH₂S / CO₂ / serivisi yo gukamura chloride nyinshiimiyoboro y'amazi akomoka kuri peteroli na gaze, imiyoboro yo mu mazi, hamwe n'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi / ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibicuruzwa byose uko ari bitatu bikorwa hakoreshejweinzira yo guhuza ibyuma idafite umugozi, gukuraho imigozi yo gusudira mu gihe kirekire ari yo ngingo zidakomeye cyane mu miyoboro isumiye.
2. Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya tekiniki
| Akamaro | Ibisobanuro |
| Inkunga nyayo y'ibyuma | Ingufu zo gukata umurongo w'urukiramende ≥300 MPa, zirenze cyane ibisabwa na API 5LD. Nta gucika kw'imitsi, gusenyuka, cyangwa gusenyuka bitewe n'ubushyuhe. |
| Inyubako idahindagurika | Ibyuma byo inyuma n'ibipfundikizo bya CRA byombi nta mugozi urimo umugozi - nta mugozi urimo umugozi uremereye, ni byiza cyane mu gutanga serivisi ya hydrogen na gaze y'umuvuduko mwinshi. |
| Guhuza ibikoresho byihariye | Amahitamo menshi y'ibyuma bishyigikira (icyuma cya karuboni kugeza kuri T91) na CRA claddings (304L kugeza kuri nikeli alloys) bihuye n'ibikenewe mu kwangirika, ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko. |
| Ubukungu bwo hejuru | Ifu ihenze ikoreshwa gusa ku ruhande rwa corruption; ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho muri rusange kiri munsi ya 30-60% ugereranije n'umuyoboro ukomeye wa CRA ufite igipimo kimwe cy'umuvuduko. |
| Gukurikirana byuzuye n'inyandiko | EN 10204 Impamyabumenyi zo mu bwoko bwa 3.1/3.2, raporo yuzuye y’ibizamini bya chimique, mekanike, NDT na hydrostatic. |
| Imikorere y'ikibuga yagaragaye | Itangwa mu nganda nyinshi z'amashanyarazi, inganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro, n'imishinga yo mu mazi ku isi yose. Irangizwa ryagenewe gusudira mu butaka nta kibazo. |
3. Ibisobanuro birambuye – Ihuriro ritatu ry’ibisobanuro (Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi nyakuri)
| Igipimo | Uruvange rwa 1 | Uruvange rwa 2 | Uruvange rwa 3 |
| Icyuma gifata inyuma (Icyo hanze) | EN10216-2 TC2 P265GH | X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91) | EN10216-2 TC2 P265GH |
| OD yo hanze × Uburemere (mm) | 63.5 × 4.88 | 60.3 × 5.18 | 63.5 × 4.71 |
| CRA cladding (Interior) | SA-213M TP304L | UNS N08028 (Aloyi 28) | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) |
| OD y'imbere × Uburemere (mm) | 53.7 × 1.65 | 49.9 × 2.32 | 54.1 × 1.82 |
| Uburebure bumwe (m) | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Uburemere bw'igice (kg/m2) | 10.32 | 10.98 | 10.30 |
| Porogaramu zisanzwe | Imashini ishyushya ubushyuhe buri hasi, ihindura ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya shimi | Igice cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, imiyoboro ya peteroli ihumanya cyane | Imiyoboro y'amavuta/gaze ishyushye, umuvuduko mwinshi / ubushyuhe bwinshi |
Ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru bishingiye ku bushakashatsi nyakuri bw'umukiriya. Womic Steel ishobora gukora ibi bivange nk'ibisanzwe cyangwa igahindura ingano n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu hakurikijwe ibishushanyo by'umukiriya.
4. Kwibira mu buryo bwimbitse ku bikoresho
4.1 Icyuma gifata inyuma (Urutonde rwo hanze)
EN10216-2 TC2 P265GH
●Ibisanzwe:EN10216-2 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ikoreshwa mu gushyushya). TC2 = Icyiciro cya 2 cy'igerageza (harimo ibizamini bidasenya).
● Imiterere y'imiti isa na:ASTM A106 Gr.B / A516 Gr.60.
● Ingano y'ubushyuhe:-10°C kugeza kuri 450°C (igihe kirekire).
● Imiterere y'ingenzi:Ifite ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza, ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza, kandi ifite ubushyuhe buringaniye. Ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ya boiler, imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, n'ibikoresho bihinduranya ubushyuhe.
X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91 / P91)
● Ibisanzwe:ASTM A213 T91 (umuyoboro udafite umushongi) / A335 P91 (umuyoboro).
● Imiterere mito:Icyuma kirwanya ubushyuhe cya Martensitic (9%Cr, 1%Mo, V, Nb).
● Ingano y'ubushyuhe:Kugeza kuri 650°C.
● Imiterere y'ingenzi:Ingufu nziza cyane zo gukurura, kurwanya ogisijeni, no kurwanya ingese y'umwuka ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho bikundwa cyane mu miyoboro ishyushya cyane n'iy'amashanyarazi mu byuma bishyushya cyane.
4.2 CRA cladding (Inner Layer)
SA-213M TP304L
● Ibisanzwe:ASME SA-213 (Boiler y'icyuma idafite umushongi, superheater n'imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe).
● Ibiranga:Icyuma kidashonga cya austenitic gifite karubone nkeya. Nta bushobozi bwo kugikoresha nyuma yo gusudira. Gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese n'ubushyuhe muri rusange.
● Imbibi:Ntibikwiriye ahantu hafite korode nyinshi cyangwa hagabanya cyane aside. Bikoreshwa ku bushyuhe burenze ≤450°C.
UNS N08028 (Aloyi 28)
● Imiterere y'ibice:28%Cr, 31%Ni, 3.5%Mo, 1%Cu.
● Ubudahangarwa n'inkongi:Ni nziza cyane mu bijyanye na aside sulfurike, aside phosphorike, koloride nyinshi, n'ibidukikije bya H₂S. PREN = 38-40.
● Porogaramu:Ingufu nyinshi za chloride, serivisi ya aside sulfurike, ibidukikije bitwikiriye imyuka isharira.
UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
● Imiterere y'ibice:42% Ni, 21% Cr, 3% Mo, 2,5% Fe, wongeyeho Cu, Ti.
● Ubudahangarwa n'inkongi:Irahebuje mu kugabanya aside no kuyigabanya. Irwanya cyane H₂S, CO₂, kloride, aside sulfuri na fosforike.
● Porogaramu:Imiyoboro y'amazi y'amavuta n'umwuka, imiyoboro y'amazi yo munsi y'inyanja, gutunganya imiti ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, n'ibikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe.
5. Uburyo bwo gukora - Guhuza ibyuma bitagira umugozi
Womic Steel itanga imiyoboro idafite imigozi ifatanye n'ibyuma ikoresheje uburyo bwo ku rwego mpuzamahanga bwamaze kwemezwagucukura hakoreshejwe centrifugal + gusohora ibintu bishyushye + gushushanya ibintu bikonje / gukonjesha ibintuinzira:
1. Gutera urwego rwa CRA mu buryo bwa centrifugal– Aloyi irwanya ingese (urugero, 304L, Aloyi 28, Incoloy 825) ibanza gucukurwa mu buryo bwa centrifuge kugira ngo ikore impeta y'imbere / umuyoboro udafitemo ikintu.
2. Guteranya ibintu bivanze n'ibishyushye byo gusohora– Inyuma y'icyuma gifatanyirizwa hamwe n'umuyoboro w'imbere wa CRA, hanyuma bigasohokana ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko. Ihuriro ry'ibyuma rikorwa hagati y'ibice bibiri binyuze mu gukwirakwiza atome.
3. Gushushanya ukonje / gukonjesha– Inzira nyinshi zigabanya umurambararo n'ubugari bw'urukuta kugeza ku bipimo nyabyo bya nyuma mu gihe cyo kunoza imiterere y'ibinyampeke no kwemeza ko ubuso bufite ireme.
4. Gukoresha ubushyuhe– Imikorere yihariye yo gutunganya ubushyuhe (gutunganya, gushyushya, gufunga umuti) ikoreshwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'icyuma gikingira inyuma ndetse n'igipfundikizo cya CRA.
5. Gupima bidasenya (NDT)– Isuzuma rya ultrasonic 100% ry’aho umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uhurira n’umuyoboro wose unyura; isuzuma ry’umuyoboro w’amazi unyura hejuru y’amazi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari inenge ku buso.
6. Gusoza kurangiza– Gutegura Bevel kuri buri gishushanyo cy'umukiriya. Gushyira amavuta ya CRA (gupfuka imigozi) ku buso bwa bevel birahari kugira ngo hirindwe gushonga no kwemeza ko umugozi urwanya ingese.
7. Igenzura rya nyuma n'inyandiko– Igenzura ry’ibipimo, igenzura ry’amaso, gupima ubukana. Dosiye yuzuye yujuje ubuziranenge yakusanyijwe.
6. Porogaramu zisanzwe n'ibisobanuro by'imishinga
✅ Ibyuma byo gushyushya amashanyarazi
●Ibisabwa:Ibice bishyushya cyane/ibishyushya bigomba kurwanya ogisijeni y'umwuka (bisaba T91) kandi bikanarwanya ingese y'umwuka utemba (bisaba urwego rw'imbere rwa CRA).
● Umuti:X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91) + UNS N08028 (Alloy 28). Itanga imbaraga zo gukurura ubushyuhe bwa 650°C + uburinzi bw'imbere mu mubiri.
● Icyitonderwa:Gusimbuza icyuma gishyushya mu cyuma cya 1000MW mu Bushinwa; imikorere ihamye igera ku myaka 3.
✅ Ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi bya peterolikemike
● Ibisabwa:Serivisi y'umuvuduko mwinshi / ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na H₂S, NH₃, Cl⁻, n'izindi nyamaswa zangiza. Icyuma gisanzwe kitagira umuvuduko gifite imiyoboro na SCC.
● Umuti:Umuyoboro wa P265GH + Incoloy 825 upfutse. Icyuma gifata inyuma gitanga imbaraga; Incoloy 825 itanga ubudahangarwa bwuzuye bwo kwangirika.
● Icyitonderwa:Ipaki y'umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe ikoreshwa mu gusohora sulfuri mu ruganda rwa Shandong. Igabanuka rya 45% by'ikiguzi ugereranije n'umuyoboro w'icyuma cya nikeli gikomeye.
✅ Imiyoboro yo gukusanya peteroli na gaze
● Ibisabwa:Ikibuga cy’umwuka cya H₂S / CO₂ kiri ku nkombe gisaba ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza no gukomera neza mu bushyuhe buke.
● Umuti:P265GH (ubukonje bwiza buri hasi mu bushyuhe) + Incoloy 825 cyangwa Alloy 28 cladding.
● Icyitonderwa:Gukusanya imiyoboro y'amashami mu gice cy'amazi kirimo sarufe nyinshi mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Bushinwa. Imyaka ibiri imaze ikora nta kwangirika kw'imbere mu butaka.
7. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Impamyabushobozi
| Ikintu cyo kugenzura | Uburyo / Ibisanzwe | Aho biherereye |
| Ibikubiye mu ruganda | OES / spectrometer yo gusoma mu buryo butaziguye | Isesengura ryihariye ry’icyuma gikingira inyuma n’icyuma gikingira CRA |
| Imiterere y'amaboko | Ubushyuhe buri hejuru + buri hejuru (ni ngombwa) | Ingero z'uburebure zituruka kuri buri cyiciro |
| Ubukomere bw'ingaruka | Charpy V notch (-20°C cyangwa -40°C) | Icyuma gifata inyuma |
| Imbaraga zo gukata hagati y'uruso | Ikizamini cyo gusunika (≥300 MPa) | Nibura urugero rumwe kuri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro |
| Ubukomere | HV / HRB / Leeb | Agace ko guhuriramo n'icyuma gishyigikira |
| Gupima ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasonic | Umuraba wo mu gihe kirekire n'uwo mu gihe cyo gukata (100%) | Ubusugire bw'imigozi, imigozi, inenge z'imbere |
| Kuvunika kw'amazi y'umugezi wa Eddy / flux | Uburebure bwuzuye | Ubusembwa bw'ubuso n'ubuso hafi yabwo |
| Ikizamini cy'amazi | Igitutu cy'igishushanyo cya 1.5 × | Buri muyoboro |
| Ingano hagati y'udusate (ni ngombwa) | ASTM A262 Imyitozo E (kuri 304L) | Nkuko byasabwe |
| Ingano y'ibinyampeke (ni ngombwa) | ASTM E112 (yo gupfuka igitambaro cya austenitic) | Nkuko byasabwe |
Inyandiko z'ubuziranenge:EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 (busanzwe) cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 3.2 (hamwe n'umutangabuhamya wemewe w'uruhande rwa gatatu). Igenzura ry'uruhande rwa gatatu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR) rishobora gutegurwa.
8. Gupakira no Kohereza
●Uburinzi bw'ubuso:Amavuta arwanya ingese inyuma; imbere mu mwobo hapfutswe umwuka wa azote.
●Uburinzi bwa nyuma:Imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika no kwinjira kw'imyanda.
●Guteranya:Imigozi ifite impande esheshatu cyangwa impande enye ifite imigozi y'icyuma; intera y'ibiti hagati y'ibice kugira ngo hirindwe ko icyuma kiva ku cyuma kijya ku kindi.
●Kugenzura ubushuhe:Amasashi ya tarpaulin n'ay'umuti wo koga amazi ari imbere mu gipfunyika, akwiriye gutwara imizigo yo mu nyanja.
●Ikimenyetso:Buri muyoboro ugaragara neza ufite inomero y'ubushyuhe, ibisobanuro, urwego rw'ibikoresho, n'uburebure. Urutonde rw'ibipakiye hamwe n'inyandiko z'ubuziranenge.
●Imbuga zo gupakira:Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao (ibyambu bikuru by'Abashinwa). Kohereza hakoreshejwe kontineri isanzwe (20'/40'), icyuma gipanze, cyangwa ubwato bunini bupanze.
9. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Q1: Ni irihe tandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'umuyoboro udafite umugozi ufatanye n'umuyoboro ufatanye n'icyuma?
A: Mu muyoboro ufatanye n'icyuma, aho uhurira hakora umuyoboro uhuza atome n'ibipimo byayo (imbaraga zo gukata ≥300 MPa). Ibi bikuraho burundu iminkanyari, gusenyuka cyangwa gutandukana kw'imiyoboro, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ku muyoboro ufatanye n'icyuma mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe cyangwa umuvuduko.
Ikibazo cya 2: Kuki hakoreshwa T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1) aho gukoresha P91 nk'urwego rwo hanze?
A: T91 na P91 bisangiye imiterere imwe ya shimi. T91 ni yo nyito y'umuyoboro udafite umugozi (ukoreshwa mu miyoboro mito ya boiler, urugero, superheater bends), mu gihe P91 ikoreshwa mu miyoboro minini. T91 ni yo mahitamo meza yo gukora superheater na reheater U-bends.
Q3: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) na UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)?
A: Alloy 28 ifite Cr, Mo na Cu biri hejuru, itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza kuri aside sulfurike, aside phosphorike n'ibidukikije bifite chloride nyinshi (PREN 38-40). Incoloy 825 irimo nikeli nyinshi, bigatuma irushaho kurwanya aside na aside hydrofluoric. Muri rusange kandi ihendutse cyane. Kugira ngo ubone isesengura ryihariye, reba itsinda ry’abahanga rya Womic Steel.
Q4: Ese umuyoboro wa P265GH + TP304L ushobora gukoreshwa ku gice cy'ubushyuhe buke cya boiler?
A: Yego. P265GH itanga imbaraga nziza zo hagati mu bushyuhe no gusudira, mu gihe igipfundikizo cy'imbere cya 304L kirwanya ingese iterwa n'umwuka urimo aside sulfure. Ni byiza gufunga impera z'umuyoboro nyuma yo gupima hydrostatic kugira ngo hirindwe ingese mbere yo gusukurwa.
Q5: Ese ushobora gutanga impamyabumenyi ya EN 10204 Type 3.2 hamwe n'ubuhamya bw'umuntu wa gatatu?
A: Yego. Womic Steel imaze igihe kinini ikorana na SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS na LR. Dushobora gutegura ubuhamya bw'ibizamini by'abandi (urugero: gukanda, UT) no gutanga impamyabumenyi zo mu bwoko bwa 3.2.
Q6: Ni ryari igihe gisanzwe cyo gutanga iyi miyoboro ivanze ni ikihe?
A: Ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe bwa mbere bivanze bisanzwe, ubusanzwe bimara iminsi 60-90 (harimo kugura ibikoresho, gusohora ibintu bivanze, kurangiza bikonje no gupima). Ku bicuruzwa byamaze gukorwa ku bwinshi (urugero, P265GH+TP304L), igihe cyo gutangira gishobora kugabanywa kikagera ku minsi 45-60.
10. Guhuza Womic Steel – Uruganda rwawe rukora imiyoboro
Niba ufite ibisabwa bisa n'ikibazo cy'umuyoboro w'imbere cyagaragajwe haruguru - cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyo hanze / imbere - nyamuneka hamagara Womic Steel kugira ngo ubone igiciro cya tekiniki n'ingengo y'imari.
Urubuga: www.womicsteel.com
Imeri: sales@womicsteel.com
Terefone / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro ya 316L ikozwe mu buryo bwa CO₂, boiler, icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buke n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.










