Ibisobanuro bigufi
Igicuruzwa:Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ubushyuhe buke wa nikeli 3.5% – ASTM A334 Grade 3 (UNS K12021 / 3.5Ni), ukurwa n'ubukonje, usanzwe kandi ukonjeshejwe n'umwuka kugira ngo ukoreshe imiyoboro y'icyuma ya karuboni n'icyuma cya alloy idafite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ivanze neza igenewe gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buke.
Ibisobanuro bigufi by'ibicuruzwa:Womic Steel Group yashyizeho ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi ku miyoboro mito kandi miremire cyane ya 3.5Ni – ifite uburebure bwa 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ku giti cyayo – yujuje ibisabwa byose bya ASTM A334 Grade 3 mu bushyuhe buke kugeza kuri -101°C. Uyu murongo w’umusaruro ureba amateka yo kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku miyoboro mito kandi miremire cyane ya 3.5Ni. Ibyuma bya nikeli bya 3.5% bitanga ubukana bwiza kandi biramba ku bushyuhe buri hasi nka -150°F (-101°C), bigatuma biba ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku miyoboro ya LNG, utwuma twa ethylene cracker, inganda zitandukanya umwuka, n'imishinga ya polar.
Ingano y'umurambararo wo hanze kuva kuri mm 10 kugeza kuri mm 610 (ishyushye cyane), ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri mm 1.5 kugeza kuri mm 25.4, uburebure bumwe kugeza kuri metero 24. Ingano y'ubukonje ikoreshwa mu gupima OD: 6 mm kugeza kuri mm 89, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu buto cyane kugeza kuri mm ± 0.10.
Irimo hafi 3.5% bya nikeli, ifite imiterere ya nikeli nkeya kandi ifite nikeli nyinshi kugira ngo yongere imbaraga mu bushyuhe buke no gukumira ko ubushyuhe buke bugabanuka kuri -101°C. Imiterere isanzwe: C ≤0.19%, Mn 0.31-0.64%, Si 0.18-0.37%, Ni 3.18-3.82%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Icyiciro cya 3) iherereye hagati y'icyuma gisanzwe gifite ubushyuhe buke cya 6 (-45°C) n'icyuma cyo hejuru cya 9% Ni Icyiciro cya 8 (-196°C). Ikora nk'igisubizo gihendutse cyane ku rwego rwa serivisi hagati ya -50°C na -101°C.
Yubahiriza amabwiriza ya ASTM A334/A334M, ASME SA334, ASTM A333/A333M Icyiciro cya 3, ndetse na ASTM/ASME, PED, na NACE MR0175 (iyo ubisabye).
Imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yakira LNG, PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation), ethylene crackers, imiyoboro y’umwuka itandukanya umwuka, na sisitemu y’imiyoboro y’amazi yo mu nyanja mu turere tw’imisarani.
Itsinda rya Womic Steelni uruganda rwihariye kandi rwohereza mu mahanga ku isi hose imiyoboro idafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiyoboro mito ifite umurambararo mwiza, n'imiyoboro miremire cyane. Dufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu gukurura ibintu bikonje, imiyoboro yacu idafite ubushyuhe bwa 3.5Ni kuri -101°C ubu iraboneka ku bicuruzwa byinshi. Impamyabushobozi z'uruganda, isuzuma rya ultrasonic na hydrostatic 100%, kumenya neza ibikoresho, na raporo zuzuye z'igenzura hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana ubushyuhe bumwe ziratangwa. Igenzura ry'umuntu wa gatatu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) rirabyemera. Ibiciro bishimishije no gutanga vuba.
Igice cya 1: Inyuma – Kuki imiyoboro ya 3.5Ni idakora neza kuri -101°C?
Kuva mu myaka ya 1930, ubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangiraga gukora icyuma cya nikeli cya 3.5% kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu bushyuhe buke (byaje kurangira bikurikije ASTM A334/A334M na A333/A333M), Uburayi n'Ubuyapani nabyo byateje imbere icyuma cyabyo cya 3.5Ni. Ibi bikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zikora ibyuma bya ethylene, ubwikorezi bwa LPG/LNG, inganda zikora ifumbire mvaruganda, inganda zitunganya kabutura, n'inganda zikora gaze y'amakara.
Icyuma cya 3.5Ni ni icyuma gito cya karuboni, gifite nikeli nyinshi gifite ingano nto ya nikeli (Ni) kingana na 3.5%. Binyuze mu kuvugurura cyangwa kuvugurura no gukonjesha ubushyuhe, gitanga imiterere ihamye ya ferrite + bainite hamwe n'ubukomezi bwiza ku bushyuhe buke. Ni ibikoresho byemewe kandi bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'umuvuduko n'imiyoboro y'amazi mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke -101°C.
Mu Bushinwa, ibyuma bya 3.5Ni byageze ku musaruro w’inganda ukuze kandi wizewe mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, bigaragaza imikorere myiza mu bya tekiniki no ku giciro cyiza. Ariko, imiyoboro idakora neza - cyane cyane imiyoboro mito, ndende cyane ya 3.5Ni - yakomeje kuboneka mu buryo buke.
Kugira ngo izibe icyuho mu nganda, Womic Steel yashyizeho umurongo wihariye w’umusaruro ukoresha ubushobozi bwayo bw’ibanze mu gukora imiyoboro idafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukora neza kw’umurambararo muto, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rinini ryo gukurura imiyoboro ikoze mu buryo bukonje. Nyuma yo guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukora no kwemeza imiyoboro myinshi, imiyoboro yacu idafite ubushyuhe ya 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ndende cyane ya 3.5Ni yatangiye gukorwa ku bwinshi, itsinda rya mbere ryatanzwe muri Mata ku ruganda rukomeye rukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo. Imiyoboro izakoreshwa mu mushinga wa Rusiya wa Arctic Circle.
Ibizamini byemewe ku rwego rw'igihugu byemeje ko ibipimo byose by'ingenzi by'imikorere - birimo -101°C ubushyuhe buke Charpy igira ingaruka ku bukomere, imiterere yo gukurura ubushyuhe bw'icyumba, imiterere y'ubuziranenge, n'irangira ry'ubuso - byujuje ibisabwa bya ASTM A334 Grade 3 kandi bigereranywa neza n'urwego rwo hejuru mpuzamahanga.
Igice cya 2: Isesengura ry'Ingano yo Kugereranya - Guhitamo Icyuma Gikwiye Gifite Ubushyuhe Buke
Imiyoboro y'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugozi ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe buke cyane cyane irimo ASTM A333/A334 Ibyiciro bya 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, na 11. Muri byo, Ibyiciro bya 3, 4, 7, na 8 ni byo bikunze kugaragara mu bushyuhe buri hagati n'ubushyuhe buri hasi. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye biterwa n'ubushyuhe buke busabwa, igitutu cy'imiterere, n'ingengo y'imari.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira itanga igereranya ryuzuye ry’ibipimo by’icyuma gishyuha cyane, harimo ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bwacyo, imiterere ya mekanike (imbaraga zo gukurura n’umusaruro), n’ikoreshwa ry’ingenzi. Iri gereranya rizafasha gusobanura aho isoko ry’icyuma cya 3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) rihagaze ugereranyije n’ibindi bikoresho.
Imbonerahamwe: Igereranya ry'icyuma gishyushye cyane cya ASTM A333/A334
| Ishyirwa mu byiciro | Ubushyuhe Buto bwa Serivisi | Ibikubiye muri Ni | Imbaraga zo Gufata (iminota) | Imbaraga z'umusaruro (iminota) | Kurekura | Porogaramu zo Gukoresha Ubwoko n'Urufunguzo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icyiciro cya 6 | -45°C (-50°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Icyuma cya Manganese gifite karuboni nke. Gikoreshwa cyane kandi gihendutse. Gusukura amazi, gukonjesha muri rusange, imiyoboro y'amazi ikoresha ikirere gikonje. |
| Icyiciro cya 3 (3.5Ni) | -101°C (-150°F) | 3.18-3.82% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% (L) / ≥20% (T) | Icyuma cya Nikeli cya 3.5%. Gihendutse cyane kuva kuri -50°C kugeza kuri -101°C. Ibice bya PDH, ibimera bya ethylene, ibice bitandukanya umwuka, imiyoboro ya Arctique. |
| Icyiciro cya 4 | -101°C (-150°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Icyuma cya Karuboni cyishwe. Imiterere ya matrix irimo ferrite nke. Uburemere buke bw'ubushyuhe buke ugereranije na 3.5Ni. |
| Icyiciro cya 7 | -73°C (-100°F) | 2.0-2.5% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Icyuma cya Nikeli cya 2.5%. Amahitamo ari hagati y'icyiciro cya 6 n'icya 3. |
| Icyiciro cya 8 (9Ni) | -196°C (-320°F) | 8.4-9.6% | ≥690 MPa | ≥515 MPa | ≥22% | Icyuma cya Nikeli cya 9%. Ifite ubukomezi bwiza cyane mu bushyuhe buri hasi. Imiyoboro migari ya LNG (-162°C). |
| Icyiciro cya 11 (Ubukomere Bukomeye) | -196°C. Bisa na Gr.8 | Bisa na Gr.8 | Bisa na Gr.8 | Bisa na Gr.8 | Bisa na Gr.8 | Yakozwe mu cyuma cy’ubwiza bwimbitse, gikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ingenzi bikoresha ubushyuhe buke cyane. |
Igice cya 3: Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire – Igenzura rikomeye ry'uburyo ASTM A334 yo mu cyiciro cya 3 ikoreshwa
Ishingiye ku bunararibonye bumaze igihe kandi bwemewe mu gukora icyuma cya 3.5Ni n'imiyoboro ishyushye kandi idahindagurika, Womic Steel yashyizeho imiterere y'ibinyabutabire igenzurwa cyane cyane mu buryo bw'imiyoboro mito ikururwa n'ubukonje. Ibi bituma ikomera cyane mu bushyuhe buke ariko igakomeza gukora neza mu buryo buhamye.
| Igice | ASTM A334 Gr.3 (Ntarengwa/Byasabwe) | Intego yo gushushanya icyuma cya Womic | Isesengura ry'Inkweto Nyayo za Womic Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karuboni (C) | ≤0.19% | 0.06 – 0.09% | 0.07% |
| Silikoni (Si) | 0.18 – 0.37% | 0.18 – 0.33% | 0.24% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.31 – 0.64% | 0.45 – 0.60% | 0.51% |
| Fosifore (P) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.010% | 0.004% |
| Sulfure (S) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.005% | 0.001% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 3.18 – 3.82% | 3.30 – 3.70% | 3.40% |
*Uruvange rw'ibipimo bya karuboni nkeya (C ≤0.19%), fosifore na sulfure bike cyane (P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%), hamwe n'inyongera ya nikeli iri hagati ya 3.18-3.82% bikuraho ibyago byo kwangirika ku bushyuhe buri hasi kuri -101°C, mu gihe byujuje ibisabwa na ASTM A334 Gr.3 bya chimique na mekanike kandi bikerekana ko ubukonje bushobora gukoreshwa neza mu gihe cyo gushushanya.*
Igice cya 4: Imiterere ya Mekanike – Iyubahirizwa ryemewe rya ASTM A334 ry’icyiciro cya 3
Imiterere ya tekiniki yageragejwe ku muyoboro w’imbere (ubugari bw’urukuta rwose) no ku muyoboro warangiye (ubuso) nyuma yo gushyushya kimwe, hamwe n’ibipimo byafashwe mu itsinda risanzwe ry’umusaruro.
Imiterere y'Ubushyuhe bw'Icyumba
| Umutungo | Ibisabwa bya ASTM A334 Gr.3 | Womic Steel Real (Umusaruro Usanzwe) |
|---|---|---|
| Imbaraga z'umusaruro (igabanuka rya 0.2%) | ≥240 MPa | 330 – 360 MPa |
| Imbaraga zo Gufata | ≥450 MPa | 520 – 550 MPa |
| Uburebure (uburebure bw'inyongera) | ≥30% | 32 – 36% |
| Uburebure (buhindukiye) | ≥20% | 26 - 30% |
| Ubukomere (HB) | ≤190 | 160 – 175 |
Imiterere ya Metallographic
Nyuma yo gutunganya ubushyuhe kuri ≥845°C hagakurikiraho gukonjesha umwuka, umuyoboro warangiye wagaragaje imiterere myiza ya ferrite + bainite ifite ingano y'ingano ya ASTM No. 10 (ingano nziza cyane), bituma ubushyuhe budakomera cyane.
-101°C Ubushyuhe buke bwa Charpy Impact Ubukomere
Kubera ko isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku muyoboro w’urukuta rugufi (25x2mm) ritashoboka nk’uko bisanzwe bikorwa (ingero nto cyane), Womic Steel yafashe ingero z’umuyoboro w’inyongera zifite ubushyuhe bumwe, ibishyira mu bushyuhe busanzwe nk’ubw’imiyoboro yarangiye, hanyuma ibishyira mu mashini mu ngero nto za Charpy V-notch za 2.5x10x55mm. Isuzuma ry’ingaruka ryakozwe ku bushyuhe buri hasi bwa -117°C, burenga igipimo cya -101°C, kugira ngo hagaragazwe ko hari umutekano uhagije.
| Ubushyuhe bw'ikizamini | Urugero rwa 1 | Urugero rwa 2 | Urugero rwa 3 | Ibisabwa bya ASTM (ubunini bwa 2.5mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -117°C | 32J | 33J | 35J | Impuzandengo ntoya ≥5J; imwe ≥4J |
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ingaruka birengeje cyane ibisabwa na ASTM, bigaragaza ko ibikoresho bikomeye cyane mu bushyuhe buri hasi kandi bifite umutekano urenze ubushyuhe bwa -101°C.
Igice cya 5: Uburyo bwo gukora - Gushushanya ubukonje bukuze no kuvura ubushyuhe ku miyoboro mito y'umurambararo muremure
Womic Steel ikora imiyoboro ifite ubushyuhe buke bwa 3.5Ni ikoresheje inzira y’inganda yuzuye ikozwe mu nganda, igenewe ibikoresho bito, birebire cyane kandi bisoza ubuso burebure:
- Gushonga ifuru y'amashanyarazi + Gutunganya inkono + Gukuraho imyuka ivamo umwuka:Ituma umwuka wa hydrogen, ogisijeni na azote ugabanuka cyane, ndetse ikanagenzura neza shimi (P ≤0.005%, S ≤0.001%).
- Gutanga Indabyo mu buryo buhoraho + Gutanga Indabyo:Itanga utwenge tw’imiyoboro tw’imbere dufite ubuziranenge buhanitse.
- Gutobora bishyushye (Gutobora imigozi inyuramo):Ibice by'imbere bishyushywa mu itanura rikoreshwa mu kugenda no mu gutobora, bigashyirwa mu bishishwa biremereye byometse ku nkuta ku bushyuhe bukwiye bwo kugenda; ubwiza bwo gutandukanya ibintu bugabanuka.
- Gutwara ibintu mu buryo bukonje / Gushushanya ibintu mu buryo bukonje– Gukoresha uburyo bwinshi (hamwe no gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga hagati): Iyi ni yo nzira y'ingenzi yo kugera ku miyoboro miremire cyane. Ku bunini bwa nyuma bwa 25x2mm, ubusanzwe iyo nzira isaba uburyo butatu bwo gukurura ibintu bukonje bugenzurwa neza, buri nzira ikora neza ikarinda ibikoresho gukomera. Hagati y’imiyoboro, imiyoboro inyura hagati kugira ngo igarure ubushobozi bwo gufunga no gukumira ko imirimo ikomeza gucika.
- Gushyiramo umuti mu buryo busanzwe (Guhindura imiterere y'umubiri):Bikorerwa mu itanura rigenzurwa n’ikirere kuri ≥845°C, hagakurikiraho gukonjesha umwuka kugira ngo bigabanye ubukonje no kunoza imiterere y’ibikoresho.
- Kugorora:Gutunganya neza imigozi bituma ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kugorora bugera kuri ≤1.5mm kuri metero imwe.
- Gukata kugeza ku burebure no kurangiza:Inkero ziguruka zikora neza cyane; impera zirakurwaho cyangwa zigashyirwamo imigozi uko bikenewe.
- 100% NDT, Gupima Amazi, no Gushyira Ikimenyetso ku Bidukikije:Buri muyoboro upimwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound, hagapimwa umuyoboro wa eddy, hanyuma hagapimwa umuvuduko mbere yo gupimwa burundu.
- Igipimo cya nyuma cyagezweho:24.96 – 25.05mm OD × 2.04 – 2.16mm WIT × uburebure bwa metero 22. Indangamuntu na OD ubuso buteye nabi ≤1.4μm Ra, bihuye n'ubwiza bw'umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe wa Grade 1 kuri NB/T 47019.1-2021 (irangira ry'ubuso rya sub micrometer).
Igice cya 6: Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Isuzuma – Igenzura ryimbitse ry'Imikorere
Buri gice cy’umusaruro w’imiyoboro idafite ubushyuhe bwinshi ya 3.5Ni gipimwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM A334/A334M:2021.
Impamyabumenyi:Icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda gikurikije EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1. Ubwoko bwa 3.2 hamwe n'umutangabuhamya w'undi (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) buraboneka iyo ubisabye.
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu mu itsinda rimwe na rimwe:Womic Steel ikomeza inyandiko zirambuye kuri buri mubare w'ubushyuhe na buri gice, ikerekana neza ko buri muyoboro wose urangiye ukurikiranwa neza.
Igice cya 7: Porogaramu – Aho 3.5Ni ASTM A334 Grade 3 Tubes Excel
Imiyoboro ifite ubushyuhe buke bwa 3.5Ni yagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe igihe kirekire hagati ya -45°C na -101°C, ikuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y’ibikoresho bisanzwe byo mu cyiciro cya 6 n’ibikoresho bihendutse byo mu cyiciro cya 8 bya 9%.
Umuyoboro wa 3.5Ni ni wo ukoreshwa mu buryo buhendutse cyane mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -50°C (Icyiciro cya 6) na -196°C (Icyiciro cya 9% Ni 8), bigatuma uba igisubizo gikunzwe cyane mu gukoresha peteroli nyinshi mu bushyuhe buke.
Igice cya 8: Kuki wahitamo Womic Steel kuri 3.5Nis idafite ubushyuhe buke?
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Contact Womic Steel
Ku bibazo, ubufasha bwa tekiniki, cyangwa gusaba ibiciro by'ibisabwa ku muyoboro wawe w'ubushyuhe buke wa 3.5Ni hakurikijwe ASTM A334 Grade 3 (cyangwa izindi grade z'ubushyuhe buke), nyamuneka twandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-24-2026