SA-213 T91 / UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira umushongi | Ingufu zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi - Ishusho y'icyuma cya Womic

SA-213 T91 / UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umushongi | Ingufu zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi - Womic Steel

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Umuyoboro udafite icyuma ufatanye neza – core SA 213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) hamwe n'igitambaro cy'imbere cya UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563). Byakozwe hakoreshejwe extrusion ishyushye, byarangiye ukonje, bivurwa ubushyuhe, kandi bigashyirwa mu birungo. Byagenewe ibyuma bishyushya cyane, ibikoresho byo kugarura ubushyuhe mu bimera bikomoka kuri aside, ibyuma bishyushya biomass bifite chlorine nyinshi, hamwe n'ibikoresho bishyushya ubushyuhe bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi aho imbaraga zo gukurura no kurwanya ingese ari ngombwa.

Ohereza imeri kuri twe Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi (Inyuma)

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi (Iby'ibanze):SA-213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) – icyuma kidapfa gushonga cya martensitic, 9%Cr, 1%Mo, V+Nb; ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi 650°C

Gupfuka (umugozi wa CRA):UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563) – Alloy nyinshi ya austenitic (27%Cr, 31%Ni, 3.5%Mo, 1%Cu); PREN 38-40; irwanya aside sulfuri/fosforike, kloride nyinshi, ibidukikije bishyushye

Ingano:OD 38 - 168 mm; Ubugari bw'urukuta rw'ibanze 4 - 15 mm; Ubugari bw'igipfundikizo 2.0 - 3.5 mm; uburebure bumwe kugeza kuri 15 m

Inzira:Gusohora ibintu bishyushye → kurangiza ibintu bikonje → Gutunganya ubushyuhe (gutunganya + gushyushya kuri T91, gukurura umuti kuri Alloy 28) → gusiga. Ifite umugozi wose, nta gusudira mu gihe kirekire. Ingufu zo gukata icyuma ≥300 MPa.

Amahame ngenderwaho:Igice cya II cya ASME Igice cya A (SA-213/SA-213M), EN10216-2 (kuri T91), ASTM SB-668 (N08028), EN10088-3 (1.4563), EN12952-2, ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10.

Isuzuma:100% hydrostatic, ultrasonic kuri ASTM E213/ISO 10893-10, tensile (icyumba n'ubushyuhe bwinshi), ubukana, stripping, hamwe n'ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe hagati y'udupira (ASTM A262 Practice E) cyo gupfuka. EN 10204 Icyemezo cy'ubwoko bwa 3.1 (Ubwoko bwa 3.2 ni ngombwa).

Porogaramu:Ibishyushya/ibishyushya byo mu bwoko bwa boiler bishyushya cyane cyane (650°C), ibishyushya bigarura ubushyuhe mu nganda zikoresha aside sulfure, ibishyushya bikoresha biomass/imyanda iva mu binyabiziga (klorini), ibishyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi ku binyabiziga bifite chlorine, ibishyushya byo mu nganda bifite sulfure nyinshi/chloride nyinshi.

Womic SteelItanga umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 clad - igisubizo cyiza cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'ingese nyinshi. Yagaragaye mu gutanga amashanyarazi, inganda zikora aside, no mu buryo bugezweho bwo gusohora imyanda. Uburyo bwose bwo gukurikirana, igenzura ry'abandi ririteguye. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone amakuru ya tekiniki n'igiciro cyihariye cy'umushinga.

1. Kuki SA-213 T91 + UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Clad Pipe ikoreshwa?

1.1 Ikibazo

Ibikoresho bibiri ukwabyo ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa cyane bya serivisi:

● T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1)Itanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gucika kw'amazi kugeza kuri 650°C kandi irwanya ogisijeni neza, ariko irwanya ingese mu duce dufite aside, chloride nyinshi, cyangwa ingano y'amazi ni nke. Imyuka ifukuye (aside sulfuriki/phosphoric) cyangwa chloride zo mu ruhande rw'imikorere zihita zitera T91.

●Solid Alloy 28 (UNS N08028)Itanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe kuri aside sulfuriki, aside phosphorike, koloride nyinshi, no kwangirika kw'ingufu. Ariko, irahenze kandi nta mbaraga zo gukurura zikenewe mu gukoresha boiler ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.

1.2 Umuti

●Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 upfutseIhuza igice cy'imbere cya T91 kinini (gikemura igitutu n'ihindagurika ry'amazi) hamwe n'urwego rwo hasi (2-3.5 mm) rw'imbere rwa Alloy 28 (gikemura ingese). Ihuriro ni icyuma - nta gucika kw'umugozi, nta ngese y'umuyoboro. Ibisubizo:

●Ishingiro rya T91igenzura ko ikurikiza ASME Igice cya I / EN12952 ku bushyuhe bw'icyuma bugera kuri 650°C.

● Igipfundikizo cya Alloy 28Irwanya aside sulfuriki ihindagurika, korode nyinshi, na aside organic, ikarinda umuyoboro imbere.

●Ikiguziiri munsi ya 40-60% ugereranyije n'agace ka Alloy 28 gakomeye gafite igipimo kingana n'igitutu.

Iyi mvange ikoreshwa cyane muri:

●Ibice bya nyuma byo gushyushya cyane / byo kongeramo amashanyaraziby’amabati akoresha amakara cyane cyane aho ibitero bya T91 byonyine byakoreshejwe hakoreshejwe ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (biterwa n’amakara menshi ya sulfure).

●Boilers zo kugarura ubushyuhe (WHRB)munsi y’inganda zikora aside sulfurike – iyo gaze irimo SO₃, kandi mu gihe cy’inganda zikora, aside irakomera ku buso bw’imiyoboro.

●Ibikoresho byo koza ibinyabuzima / ibicanwa bivamo ingufu– chlorine nyinshi mu lisansi itera ingese ikomeye; Alloy 28 cladding ku ruhande rw'umuriro (cyangwa uruhande rw'imbere, bitewe n'imiterere) yongera ubuzima bw'umuyoboro cyane.

●Ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe mu bushyuhe bwinshiku bikorwa bya shimi birimo hydrocarboni za chlorine cyangwa aside zishyushye.

1.3 Inzira yo gukora

Gusohora amazi ashyushye + kurangiza ubukonje + kuvura ubushyuhe + gusiga amazi mu mazi. Ubu buryo butuma umuyoboro utagira umugozi udafite imigozi yo gusudira mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, aho usanga hakunze kugorana mu muyoboro ukozwe mu mazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

2. Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho – T91 Core & Alloy 28 Cladding

2.1 Ibikubiye mu binyabutabire (% ku bunini)

Igice	SA 213 T91 (Ishingiro)	UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / Gupfuka)
Karuboni (C)	0.08 – 0.12	≤0.03
Silikoni (Si)	0.20 – 0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30 – 0.60	≤2.00
Fosifore (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sulfure (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0 – 9.5	26.0 – 28.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.85 – 1.05	3.0 – 4.0
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0 – 32.0
Umuringa (Cu)	—	0.6 – 1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18 – 0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06 – 0.10	—
Azote (N)	0.03 – 0.07	—
Icyuma (Fe)	Kuringaniza	Kuringaniza

T91 ni icyuma kidapfa kwibasirwa na martensitic; Alloy 28 ni icyuma gikozwe muri austenitic gifite Cr, Ni, Mo, na Cu nyinshi - gitanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku kugabanya no kugabanya ogisijeni, chloride pitting, na SSC.

2.2 Imiterere ya mekanike (Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba)

Umutungo	T91 Core	Igipfundikizo cya Alloy 28
Imbaraga z'umusaruro (min, MPa)	415	220
Imbaraga zo Gufata (min, MPa)	585	500
Uburebure (iminota, %)	20	30
Ubukomere (ntarengwa)	250 HB	230 HB

2.3 Ingufu z'ubushyuhe bwinshi (T91 Core)

Ubushyuhe (°C)	Imbaraga zo gucika kw'amasaha 100,000 (MPa)	Umupaka wa 0.2% w'ihungabana (MPa)
550	150	120
580	120	95
600	100	80
620	80	60
650	55	40

Alloy 28 ntabwo igenewe gutwara imizigo mu bushyuhe bwinshi; uruhare rwayo ni ukurinda ingese gusa. Igice cya T91 gitwara imizigo ya mekanike.

2.4 Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwa Alloy 28

Ibidukikije	Urwego rwo kurwanya
Aside sulfuriki (ubushyuhe 0-80%, kugeza kuri 80°C)	Byiza cyane
Aside fosforike (ibipimo byose)	Byiza cyane
Aside hydrochloric (igabanya ubushyuhe bw'icyumba)	Byiza
Chlorides (imiyoboro / ikigobe)	PREN 38-40; ubushyuhe bukomeye bwo gufunga (CPT) ~50°C
H₂S + CO₂ + kloride (serivisi y'ifu)	Ni byiza cyane; NACE MR0175 ikurikiza amategeko
aside organic (acetic, formic, nibindi)	Byiza cyane

*Alloy 28 irusha 316L, 904L, ndetse na 254SMO mu buryo bwinshi buvanzemo aside + chloride.*

2.5 Ihuriro ry'imbombo

Umutungo	Agaciro
Ubwoko bw'ingwate	Ikoreshwa mu byuma (ikwirakwizwa ry'ibintu)
Ingufu zo gukata (sunika hanze)	≥300 MPa (ituma hatabaho gutandukana kw'ingufu mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe)
Ubusembwa bwemewe bwa UT	Nta gutandukana >50 mm; gutandukana kose <2% by'ubuso bw'aho bihurira

2.6 Ingano y'ibipimo

OD (mm)	Uburemere bw'ibanze (mm)	Uburemere bw'igipfundikizo (mm)	Uburebure ntarengwa (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	2.0 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.2 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.5 – 3.2	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.5 – 3.5	15
114.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12
168.3	10.0 – 15.0	3.0 – 3.5	12

*Ubwoko bunini (kugeza kuri mm 500) bushoboka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza imigozi ishyushye + JCOE; hamagara kugira ngo umenye niba ihari.*

3. Uburyo bwo gukora - Gusohora ibintu bishyushye, Gusoza ibintu bikonje, Gutunganya ubushyuhe, Guteka

Uburyo bwo gukora bureba by'umwihariko ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya ubushyuhe bya martensitic T91 na austenitic Alloy 28.

Intambwe	Ibisobanuro	Ingingo zo kugenzura
1. Ifuru y'ibice bivanze	T91 billet bored, Alloy 28 tube insert. Ifunze neza (<10 Pa).	Isuku yo hejuru; ubwinshi bw'ibintu
2. Gusohora ibintu bishyushye	1180 1220°C, igipimo cyo kugabanya ≥8:1.	Ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, amavuta
3. Gukonjesha umwuka	Nyuma yo gusohora, umwuka w'umuyoboro urakonjeshwa (impinduka ya martensitic iratangira).	Igipimo cyo gukonjesha
4. Gusoza mu buryo bukonje	Gushushanya / gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bukonje kugeza ku bipimo bya nyuma.	Gucishaho inshuro nyinshi, intermediate anneal (yoroshya Alloy 28).
5. Gukoresha ubushyuhe (by'ingenzi)	Gushyira ubushyuhe kuri 1040-1060°C (umwuka cyangwa ubukonje bwihuse) + gushyushya kuri 760-780°C. Ibi bigeraho imiterere ya nyuma ya T91 (martensite ishyushye). Muri icyo gihe, cladding ya Alloy 28 irapfundikirwa.	Rekodi y'ifuru, ikizamini cy'ubukomere
6. Guteka	Ubwogero bwa HNO₃+HF bukuraho ingano ya okiside kuri T91 na Alloy 28.	Igihe, ubushyuhe, ingano ya aside
7. Kurambura no gukata	Nk'uko uburebure bwa nyuma bubivuga.	Ubugororangingo ≤1.5mm/m
8. NDT na hydro	Ku gika cya 4	Gukurikirana byuzuye
9. Gusoza kurangiza	Bevel / plain; amavuta yo gusiga (Alloy 625 cyangwa Alloy 28 filler ku maso y'bevel).	Ibipimo

Ikiranga ubuziranenge bw'ingenzi:Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe butanga igice cy’imbere cya T91 gifite imbaraga zikwiye zo gukurura n’igipfundikizo cya Alloy 28 gifite ubudahangarwa bwuzuye bwo kwangirika, byose mu buryo bumwe.

4. Igenzura n'Isuzuma – Gukurikiza ibisabwa na ASME, EN, n'ibisabwa n'abakiriya

Ku muyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 upfundikiye, dushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ikomeye, harimo n'ibizamini bibereye serivisi zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.

Ikizamini	Igisanzwe	Aho biherereye	Kwemera
Isesengura ry'imiti	OES	Buri bushyuhe (igisenge n'igipfundikizo)	ASME SA-213 T91, ASTM SB-668
Ultrasonic (ikoreshwa mu gupima uburebure n'ubugari)	ASTM E213 + ISO 10893-10	100%	Nta nenge ishobora kwangwa, ubusugire bw'ingwate
Ikizamini cy'amazi	ASME SA-450 / EN12952-2	Buri muyoboro	Nta gusohoka kw'amazi, kwaguka burundu nta kibazo
Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba (Tensile)	ASME / EN	Kuri buri bushyuhe (ishingiro)	T91: YS≥415 MPa, TS≥585 MPa
Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma umuntu arushaho gukurura	600°C (ni ngombwa)	Kuri buri bushyuhe	Bigomba kugaragazwa (nta bisobanuro bito)
Ikizamini cyo gucika kw'umuyoboro w'amazi	600°C cyangwa 650°C	Kuri buri busabe	Ubusa; yishyuzwa ukwayo
Ubukomere (imbere n'ipfundo)	HV10	Itsinda	T91 ≤250 HV; Aloi 28 ≤230 HV
Ikizamini cyo gufunga	SA 450	Ku bushyuhe / ingano	Nta cyuho kirimo gukandamizwa kwa 2/3 OD
Ingufu hagati y'ibinyabutabire	ASTM A262 Imyitozo E (kuri Alloy 28)	Kuri buri cyiciro (ni ngombwa)	Nta gitero hagati y'ibice
PMI (XRF)	Kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ingenzi	Buri muyoboro (ni ngombwa)	Emeza urwego rw'ibigize aloyi

Inyandiko:EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1. Ubwoko bwa 3.2 bufite umugenzuzi w’uruhande rwa gatatu (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV nibindi).

5. Porogaramu zirambuye

5.1 Ishyushya rya nyuma rya Super-Supercritical Boiler / Ishyushya rya nyuma

Ikibazo:Imyuka y'amakara irimo sulfure nyinshi irimo SO₃, iyo ikozwe mu buryo buke cyangwa itangiye gukora, yivanga nk'aside sulfure ku buso bw'imiyoboro. T91 isanzwe ihura n'imyobo n'ipfushwa ubusa.
Igisubizo:Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 ufite Alloy 28 ku ruhande rw'umuriro (cyangwa imbere niba unyuze mu buryo bubiri). Imbere ya T91 igumana imbaraga zo gucika kuri 600-620°C; Alloy 28 irwanya aside. Inganda nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zo mu Bushinwa n'izo mu Burayi zakoresheje iyi miterere.

5.2 Imashini yo kugarura ubushyuhe mu bimera bya aside sulfuriki

Inzira:Imyuka ishyushye (600°C, irimo SO₂, SO₃) yinjira mu cyuma gishyushya imyanda kugira ngo ikore umwuka. Mu gihe cyo kuzimya, SO₃ ihuzwa n'ubushuhe kugira ngo ikore aside sulfurike yiganjemo, ihita yivanga ku miyoboro ikonje.
Igisubizo:Ingufu za Alloy 28 ku ruhande rwa gaze (OD) cyangwa ID bitewe n'imiterere. T91 itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu. Ubu buryo ni bwo busanzwe mu nganda nyinshi nshya za aside sulfure.

5.3 Ibikoresho byo guteka ibimera (biomass) / Imyanda ihinduka ingufu

Ikibazo:Biomass (ibyatsi, uduce tw'ibiti, lisansi ikomoka ku myanda) irimo chlorine (KCl, NaCl). Ku bushyuhe bwa 500-600°C, gazi ya chlorine na chloride byangiza cyane alloys zisanzwe, bigatuma chloride y'icyuma itakaza icyuma vuba.
Igisubizo:Ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa Alloy 28 (Ni nyinshi, Mo, Cr) zirwanya chlorine. Ingufu za T91 zigumana ubusugire bw'umuvuduko wa boiler. Abakoresha bavuga ko ubuzima bw'imiyoboro bwazamutse kuva ku mwaka 1-2 kugeza ku myaka 6-8 nyuma yo guhindura imiyoboro.

5.4 Ibikoresho byo guhindura ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri Hydrocarboni za Chloride

Urugero:Mu nganda za vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), imyuka ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu irimo organics chlorine na HCl kuri 400-450°C. Icyuma gisanzwe cya stainless (304L) kinanirwa gukoreshwa mu gufunga no mu gufunga ibintu. Ingufu za Alloy 28 zitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu. Ingufu za T91 zitanga imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bukenewe.

6. Ibyiza Ugereranyije n'Ibishushanyo Bihiganwa

Ubundi buryo	Impamvu T91 + Alloy 28 ari nziza kurushaho
Umuyoboro wa T91 ukomeye	Ishobora kwangizwa n'aside ivanze n'amazi, ihinduka ry'ibice, ndetse n'ibasirwa na chloride. Ishobora gusimburwa kenshi.
Umuyoboro wa Solid Alloy 28	Birahenze cyane; ubushobozi buke bwo gutanga umusaruro butuma urukuta rukomera, bigatuma ikiguzi n'uburemere byiyongera.
T91 ifite umugozi wo gusudira wa Alloy 28	Gupfunyika birahenze, biratinda, kandi biragoye gushyira ku buryo bumwe ku miyoboro mito y'umurambararo; birashoboka ko ivanga ry'icyuma rishobora kuvanga. Gupfunyika bituma ipfunyika ringana ku giciro gito.
Umuyoboro ukozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki	Liner irasenyuka bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'uko bimeze kuri boilers) – ntiyemerwa gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma cya Alloy 625	Alloy 625 irahenze cyane kurusha Alloy 28 kandi ishobora kuba yaragenwe cyane ku bidukikije byinshi bya aside. Alloy 28 itanga uburinganire bwiza bw'ibiciro.

Kuzigama ikiguzi:Ugereranyije n'umuyoboro ukomeye wa Alloy 28 ufite igipimo kimwe cy'umuvuduko, umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 ugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho ku50-60%(kubera ko T91 ifite imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma urukuta rworoshye, kandi ifu ikoreshwa gusa nk'umugozi muto).

7. Kugenzura Ubwiza n'Ikurikiranwa ry'Ubuziranenge

●Uburyo bwo gukurikirana:Ubushyuhe bwa T91 na Alloy 28 byombi birafatwa kandi bigashyirwaho kashe kuri buri muyoboro urangiye. Impamyabushobozi zose z’umutanga (3.1) zirabikwa.

● Kugenzura ibikorwa:Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora, umuvuduko wo gusohora, imbonerahamwe yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ibipimo byo kwiyuhagira mu mazi byose byanditse.

● Igenzura ry'umuntu wa gatatu:Dufasha SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, cyangwa ABS gutanga ubuhamya mu ntambwe iyo ari yo yose (kwakira ibikoresho, gusohora, NDT ya nyuma). Impamyabushobozi za EN 10204 zo mu bwoko bwa 3.2 zitangwa hakurikijwe ibyo.

8. Gupakira no Kohereza

●Imiterere y'ubuso:Byavanzwe kandi bikozwe mu mavuta make - byiteguye gushyirwamo. Gusiga amavuta hanze ni ngombwa.

●Uburinzi bwa nyuma:Imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki (imipfundikizo y'icyuma iboneka ku ngano nini).

●Urupapuro:Uduce duto (<88.9 mm) mu duce twa hex hamwe n'uduce tw'ibiti. Uduce duto tw'umurambararo dufatanye ukwatwo.

●Kontineri:Ibikoresho bifite uburebure bwa metero 20 cyangwa 40. Ku burebure bwa metero 12, fungura hejuru cyangwa icyuma gifunganye.

●Igihe cyo gutanga umusanzu:Gutumiza bwa mbere ibyumweru 16-20 (kubera isoko ryihariye ry’ibirungo). Subiramo gutumiza ibyumweru 12-14. Ibyiciro by’igerageza (100 kugeza 200 m) bishobora kuba byihuta - baza.

9. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa) - Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 Clad

Q1: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi kuri uyu muyoboro upfutse ni ubuhe?
A: Ishingiro rya T91 rihabwa amanota ku bushyuhe bw'icyuma kugeza kuri650°C(1202°F) kuri buri gice cya ASME cya I (imbaraga zo gukurura zigenzurwa). Ingufu za Alloy 28 zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bumwe, ariko ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bushobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 450°C niba ibidukikije byangiza cyane. Ku bikoresho byinshi bya boiler (600-620°C), byombi birazwi.

Q2: Ese Alloy 28 ikwiriye ku gipimo kinini cya aside sulfuriki?
A: Yego. Alloy 28 irwanya aside sulfuriki neza kugeza ku gipimo cya 80% n'ubushyuhe kugeza kuri 80°C. Mu byuma bishyushya imyanda, aside condensate isanzwe iba iri hagati ya 60-70% H₂SO₄ munsi ya 200°C - Alloy 28 ikora neza cyane.

Q3: Ese dushobora gusubiza inyuma urwego rw'ibyiciro - gushyira Alloy 28 kuri OD na T91 kuri ID?
A: Yego, niba ikibazo cyo kwangirika giturutse inyuma (urugero, gaze yo hanze). Dushobora gukora umuyoboro upfundikiye ufite urwego rwa CRA ku murambararo wo hanze. Nyamuneka garagaza icyerekezo uko giteganyijwe.

Q4: Ese ukora ibizamini byo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa gucikagurika?
A: Ntabwo tubishyiramo buri gihe, ariko dushobora gutegura ingero ntoya zakuwe mu muyoboro wakuwemo (wangiza) ku kiguzi cy'inyongera. Ku bipimo by'inyongera byatanzwe n'abandi bantu, nyamuneka tanga igihe cy'inyongera (ibyumweru 4-6) n'igiciro.

Q5: Ni ikihe cyuma cyuzuza gikwiye gukoreshwa mu gusudira umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 upfundikiye?
A: Ku bijyanye no gupfunyika imizi (gupfunyika kugeza ku gupfunyika), koresha Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3) cyangwa Alloy 59 filler. Ku bijyanye no gupfunyika imizi (core T91 kugeza kuri T91), koresha T91 filler ihuye (E9015-B9 cyangwa indi isa nayo). Turakugira inama yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira (WPS) bwujuje ibisabwa kuri buri gice cy’umurima; Womic ishobora gutanga WPS y’icyitegererezo iyo ubisabye.

Q6: Ese cladding ya Alloy 28 ihuye na NACE MR0175 kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza?
A: Yego. Alloy 28 (UNS N08028) iri ku rutonde rwa NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 kugeza kuri 450°C mu bidukikije bibi. Irwanya SSC na HIC. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gitutu kinini cya H₂S.

Q7: Ese umuyoboro upfutse ufite impera zipfundikiye na CRA irahari?
A: Yego. Inguni isanzwe ya bevel 30-35° hamwe na mm 1.6. Dushobora gushyira amavuta (Alloy 28 cyangwa Alloy 625) ku ruhande rwa bevel, rufite ubugari bwa mm 2-3, kugira ngo hirindwe ko igipfundikizo cyayo kigabanuka mu gihe cyo gusudira mu murima.

Q8: Ni ubuhe bunini bw'urukuta busanzwe ku miyoboro ya boiler ya biomass?
A: OD isanzwe 51-76 mm, uburemere bw'ibanze 5-8 mm, igipfundikizo 2-2.5 mm. Twandikire ku bipimo wifuza.

Ikibazo cya 9: Ese gufata karubone iva kuri T91 ijya muri Alloy 28 mu gihe cyo kuyisohora ni ikibazo?
A: Oya. Uburyo bwo gusohora ibintu bukora agace gato cyane ko gukwirakwiza ibintu (ubusanzwe kaba hagati ya 5-10 μm). Imiterere ya Alloy 28 iguma mu buryo bugenwe; twemeza dukoresheje PMI. Ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ibintu ni nke cyane.

Q10: Ese ushobora gutanga icyemezo cya EN 10204 Type 3.2 kuri uyu muyoboro upfutse?
A: Yego. Dushobora gutegura igenzura ry’umuntu wa gatatu na TÜV, BV, DNV, cyangwa SGS. Nyamuneka garagaza igihe cyo gutumiza.