Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal Metallurgical Clad | Umuyoboro utagira umusururu urinda ubushyuhe bwinshi + ingese – Womic Steel Ishusho yagaragaye

Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal Metallurgical Clad | Umuyoboro udafite umushongi urinda ubushyuhe bwinshi + ingese – Womic Steel

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 ufite ibyuma bifatanye neza. T91 yo hanze (X10CrMoVNb9-1) itanga imbaraga zo gukurura kugeza kuri 650°C; Alloy yo imbere 28 (UNS N08028) irwanya chloride nyinshi, aside sulfuri/fosforike, n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe. Yakozwe hakoreshejwe centrifugal casting + hot extrusion - idafunguye neza, nta weld yo mu gihe kirekire. Ni nziza ku miyoboro ishyushya cyane, boilers zishyushya imyanda, ibyuma bishyushya ubushyuhe bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ohereza imeri kuri twe Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

Inyuma (Inyuma)

Inyuma (Inyuma):T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903 / A213 T91) – icyuma kidapfa gushonga cya martensitic, gifite ubushyuhe bwa 650°C ntarengwa.

Imbere (Igipfundikizo):Amavuta 28 (UNS N08028 / 1.4563 / Sandvik 28) - hejuru ya Cr / Ni / Mo / Cu austenitike, PREN 38–40

Ingano:OD 38mm – 168mm; Ubunini bw'urukuta rwo hanze 4mm – 15mm; Ubunini bw'igipfundikizo 1.8mm – 3.5mm; Uburebure bumwe kugeza kuri 15m

Inzira:Gucana centrifugal + extrusion ishyushye – imbaraga zo gukata icyuma ≥300 MPa

Amahame ngenderwaho:ASTM A213 (T91), API 5LD (umuyoboro upfundikiye), NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU

Porogaramu:Ibishyushya cyane / ibishyushya byo mu bwoko bwa boiler, ibikoresho byo kugarura ubushyuhe (ibihingwa bya aside sulfuriki), ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe mu bushyuhe bwinshi ku binyabutabire bya hydrocarboni chlorine, ibinyabutabire bihindura ingufu mu bimera/imyanda

1. Incamake - Impamvu T91 + Alloy 28 Clad Pipe ikoreshwa

Serivisi y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ikunze guteza ikibazo: ibikoresho bikomeye bihagije kugira ngo bishobore kubaho mu buryo butunguranye (nka T91) byangirika mu myuka ikaze cyangwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi; icyuma kirwanya ingese (nka Alloy 28) kitagira imbaraga nyinshi z'ubushyuhe kandi kirahenze cyane.

Umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 upfutse ibyuma bibiriibi bikemura binyuze mu gutandukanya imikorere:

lT91 yo hanzeIhura n'ikirere gishyushye cyane (urugero, imyuka y'amazi kuri 600-650°C) kandi igatanga imbaraga zo gucika kw'amazi.

lIron y'imbere 28Ikora ku mazi yangiza (urugero: aside condensate, chloride) imbere mu buso bwayo.

Uruvange niumushororo– nta mugozi wo gusudira uremereye – bitewe n’uburyo bwo gusukamo amazi hakoreshejwe centrifugal + gusohora amazi ashyushye. Ibi bikuraho ahantu hato cyane haboneka mu miyoboro ifunze neza.

Imiterere isanzwe aho T91+Alloy 28 irusha izindi:

Imiterere	Uruhande rwo hanze	Uruhande rw'imbere	Urugero
Igishyushya gishyushya cyane cya boiler	Imyuka y'amazi (650°C, igabanya ubushyuhe)	Umwotsi (450°C 550, nta suku)	T91 irwanya ogisijeni yo hanze; Aloyide 28 ntabwo ikenewe? Mu by'ukuri uruhande rw'umwuka nta mashini yihariye ikeneye. Urugero rwiza:Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe aho amazi yangiza anyura imbere– T91 hanze ifata ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa gaze; Alloy 28 imbere irwanya ingese.
Ikoreshwa rikwiye:Shyiramo icyuma gishyushya imyanda kiri munsi y'uruganda rwa aside sulfurike - gishyushye (~500°C) SO₂/SO₃ gaze hanze (imigozi ya T91 iragenda), aside ivanze ishobora kwivanga imbere mu gihe cyo guhindagurika (Alloy 28 resists). Ikoreshwa kandi muriboilers za biomassaho chlorine mu mwuka urimo amazi itera ingese ku bushyuhe bwinshi – Alloy 28 ikoreshwa nk'umugozi w'imbere? Byaba byiza gushyira igipfundikizo ku ruhande rw'umuriro. Ariko imiterere yacu ishyira igipfundikizo imbere, inyuma inyuma. Reka twongere dushushanye: Umuyoboro urimo amazi ushobora kwerekezwa mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose. Womic ishobora gukora na CRA kuri ID (ku bijyanye n'ingese imbere) cyangwa kuri OD (ku bijyanye n'ingese zo hanze). T91+Alloy 28 ikunze gutangwa naAlloy 28 ku ndangamuntuna T91 kuri OD.

Kugira ngo bisobanuke neza:T91 yo hanze (OD) itanga imbaraga z'umuvuduko n'ubudahangarwa bwo gukurura; Alloy 28 imbere (ID) irwanya ingese ituruka ku mazi y'imikorere.Niba ingese yo hanze ari yo ihangayikishije, dushobora gusubiza inyuma ibice by'imbere.

2. Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho

2.1 Ibikubiye mu miterere y'ibinyabutabire (bisanzwe, %)

Igice	T91 (Iyo hanze)	Aloi 28 (Imbere)
Karuboni (C)	0.08–0.12	≤0.03
Silikoni (Si)	0.20–0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30–0.60	≤2.00
Fosifore (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sulfure (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0–9.5	26.0–28.0
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0–32.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.85–1.05	3.0–4.0
Umuringa (Cu)	—	0.6–1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18–0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06–0.10	—
Azote (N)	0.03–0.07	—

2.2 Imiterere ya mekanike (Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba)

Umutungo	T91	Aloi 28
Imbaraga z'umusaruro (min, MPa)	415	220
Imbaraga zo Gufata (min, MPa)	585	500
Uburebure (iminota, %)	20	30
Ubukomere (ntarengwa, HB)	250	230

2.3 Ingufu z'ubushyuhe bwinshi (T91)

Ubushyuhe (°C)	Imbaraga zo gucika kw'amasaha 100,000 (MPa)	Imbaraga z'umusaruro (MPa)
550	150	320
600	100	280
620	80	260
650	50	220

Alloy 28 igarukira kuri ~450°C mu gihe cyo kwangirika ariko ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'icyuma mu gihe kitari kwangirika.

2.4 Ubudahangarwa bw'Ingese (Alloy 28)

Ibidukikije	Ubudahangarwa
Aside sulfuriki (ibipimo byose)	Ni byiza cyane kugeza kuri 80°C
aside fosiforike	Byiza cyane
Chlorides (imiyoboro / ikigobe)	PREN 38-40, CPT ~50°C
H₂S + CO₂ + kloride	Ni nziza cyane (serivisi mbi)
aside organic	Byiza cyane

Alloy 28 irusha 316L na 904L ahantu hari chloride nyinshi + aside kandi igereranywa na Alloy 825 mu bihe byinshi.

3. Uburyo bwo gukora - Gucana Centrifugal mu buryo butagira umusururu + Gusohora

Intambwe	Ibisobanuro
1. Gutera umuyoboro wa Alloy 28 mu buryo bwa Centrifugal	Alloy 28 melt ishyirwa mu muyoboro w’urukuta runini udafite ikintu na kimwe.
2. Shyiramo kandi uteranye	Imashini ya Alloy 28 ishyirwa mu cyuma cya T91 (cyakozwe mbere kugira ngo gikwirane).
3. Gusohora ibintu bishyushye	Ifu y'ibice bivanze ishyushya kugeza kuri 1150-1200°C hanyuma igasohoka binyuze mu cyuma gishyushya. Igipimo cyo kugabanya cyane (≥8:1) gitanga isano ya metallurgike ku gice cyo hagati. Gusohora binatunganya imiterere y'ibinyampeke.
4. Gukurura ibintu bikonje/gutwara ibintu mu buryo bw'ubujura (ni ngombwa)	Ku bijyanye no kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye cyangwa uburebure buto, hakoreshwa uburyo bwinshi bwo gukonjesha hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga hagati.
5. Gukoresha ubushyuhe	Gutunganya (1050°C) + gushyushya (760°C) kuri T91; Alloy 28 ni umuti utembanwa mu gihe kimwe.
6. Kugorora no kurangiza	Kugorora neza, gukata neza, no kugabanya uburebure bw'inyuma.
7. NDT n'ibizamini	Reba Igice cya 4.

4. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Isuzuma

Ikizamini	Uburyo	Igipimo	Kwemera
Isesengura ry'imiti	OES	Buri bushyuhe (ibice byombi)	Ibipimo by'ibikoresho
Bond UT	Umubiri wose, ukozwe mu buryo bworoshye kandi bukozwe mu buryo bworoshye	Umuyoboro usohoka 100%	Nta gutandukana >50mm
Gukanda kuri @ RT	Ingero y'ingero y'uburebure	Kuri buri itsinda	Ihuye n'ibisobanuro
Ubushyuhe buri hejuru butuma umuntu arushaho gukurura	600°C (ni ngombwa)	Kuri buri busabe	Byatangajwe
Guturika kw'umuraba	600°C / 650°C (ni ngombwa)	Kuri buri busabe	Byatangajwe
Ikizamini cyo gufunga	Bikurikije ASTM A1016	Buri gice	Nta cyuho
Ikizamini cy'amazi	Igitutu cy'igishushanyo cya 1.5 ×	Buri muyoboro	Nta gusohoka kw'amazi
Igenzura ry'ibipimo	Mikorometero / laser	100%	OD, WT, uburebure
Ingufu hagati y'ibinyabutabire	ASTM A262 Imyitozo E (kuri Alloy 28)	Kuri buri busabe	Nta gitero

Inyandiko:EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 (busanzwe) cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 3.2 (umutangabuhamya w’undi muntu).

5. Ingano y'ibipimo

OD (mm)	Inkingi (T91) Uburemere (mm)	Uburemere bw'igipfundikizo (Alloy 28) (mm)	Uburebure ntarengwa (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
114.3	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.2 – 3.5	12
168.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12

OD nini ishoboka binyuze mu guhuza imigozi ishyushye (umushono wasutswe) - hamagara kugira ngo umenye ibisobanuro birambuye.

6. Porogaramu zisanzwe

● Imashini zishyushya cyane / imiyoboro ishyushya cyane– aho ubushyuhe ku ruhande rw'imyuka ishyushye burenze 600°C kandi uruhande rw'umwuka cyangwa imbere mu kirere bisaba ko habaho uburinzi ku ngeso mbi.

●Ibikoresho byo kugarura ubushyuhe mu nganda zikora aside sulfure– gaze ishyushye ya SO₂/SO₃ hanze, ibyago byo guhumeka kwa aside imbere bidahagije. T91 itanga imbaraga zo gukurura; Alloy 28 irwanya aside.

●Ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe bwinshi ku mashini zikoresha chlorine– amazi y’imbere arimo kloride na aside organic kugeza kuri 400°C; Alloy 28 irinda koga na SCC.

●Ibimera / imyanda ishyirwa mu nganda zitanga ingufu– umwuka urimo chlorine n'umunyu wa alkali; umuyoboro wa T91+Alloy 28 upfutse (ufite Alloy 28 ku ruhande rw'umuriro) wongera igihe cy'umuyoboro.

●Ibikoresho bikosora hydrogen / syngas– serivisi aho ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ingufu zikomoka ku bihumanya ikirere biba biri.

7. Impamvu Womic Steel kuri T91 + Alloy 28

●Inyubako idahindagurika– nta mugozi wo gusudira urerure, bikuraho aho ikibazo gikunze kubura mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

● Inzira yo gusohora irazwiho kuba iy'ingenzi– Dufite ubunararibonye mu gukora imiyoboro mito kandi ifite uburebure buto ikoreshwa mu gukoresha icyuma gishyushya n’igishyushya ubushyuhe.

● Ubushobozi bwo gupfunyika U– Gukonja mu buryo bukonje hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe; bishobora gutanga ibikoresho byuzuye bya superheater.

● Uburyo bwose bwo gukurikirana– Buri muyoboro washyizweho inomero z'ubushyuhe bwa T91 na Alloy 28.

● Icyemezo– EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.2 burahari; bushobora gukorana na TÜV, BV, cyangwa DNV kugira ngo bukurikize amategeko ya boiler.

8. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Q: Ese T91+Alloy 28 ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi ya hydrogen ifite umuvuduko mwinshi?
A: T91 ishobora kwangirika cyane mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ku bijyanye na hydrogen, turagusaba gukoresha icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa alloy + 316L cyangwa Inconel 625. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone inama zihariye.

Q: Ese igitambaro cya Alloy 28 gihora kiri ku ndangamuntu?
A: Imiterere yacu isanzwe ni Alloy 28 kuri ID (uruhande rw'amazi). Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa aho ingese yo hanze ari yo ihangayikishije (urugero, gaze y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ihumanya hanze), dushobora gukora umuyoboro w'amazi ufite Alloy 28 kuri OD. Nyamuneka garagaza aho ugana mugihe utumiza.

Q: Ubunini bw'ubugari bw'ubudodo bushobora kuba ubuhe kugira ngo habeho ubufatanye bwizewe?
A: Ku bijyanye no gusohora ibintu mu buryo butagoranye, 1.5mm ni yo ntarengwa ikenewe. Ku bijyanye no gutwika ibintu byinshi, turakugira inama yo gukoresha ≥2.0mm.

Q: Ese ushobora gutanga U-bends?
A: Yego. Dukoresha mandrel mu gukonja, hanyuma tugakoresha ubushyuhe bwose (kugabanya stress cyangwa kuvugurura + gushyushya) na NDT 100% by'igice cyo gukonja.

Q: Ni gute Alloy 28 igereranywa na Incoloy 825?
A: Alloy 28 ifite Cr na Ni nyinshi, Mo iri hasi gato, kandi irimo Cu. Irasa cyane mu kurwanya ingese muri rusange. Alloy 28 ikunze kuba nziza mu Burayi; Incoloy 825 ikunze gukoreshwa mu mishinga ya Amerika. Byombi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi imwe ya aside/chloride. Dutanga kimwe muri ibyo iyo tubisabye.