Umuyoboro wa X65+316L w'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya Bimetallurgical | Umuyoboro wa CRA uhendutse kandi uhendutse wo gutanga serivisi ya CO₂ – Womic Steel

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Umuyoboro wo hanze (Icyuma gifata inyuma):API 5L X65 PSL2 – imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera cyane, irasudira

Imbere mu mwenda (CRA Cladding):316L (UNS S31603) – icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya austenitic gifite karubone nkeya, kirwanya ingese ya CO₂, kandi gishobora gusudira neza

Ingano:OD 219mm – 1219mm (8″ – 48″); Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'icyuma gifashe inyuma 8mm – 30mm; Ubunini bw'igipfundikizo 1.5mm – 3.0mm; Uburebure bumwe kugeza kuri 18m (ubufite metero 24)

Uburyo bwo gukora:Guhuza imigozi ishyushye + JCOE ikora – imbaraga zo gukata uburebure bw'umugozi ≥200 MPa

Amahame n'Impamyabumenyi:API SPEC 5LD (CRA Clad Steel Pipe), DNV-OS-F101, NACE MR0175, ISO 15156. Icyemezo cy'uruganda EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1. Isuzuma ry'abandi (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV) rirahari.

Porogaramu:Imiyoboro yo gukusanya gazi karemano yo ku nyanja, imiyoboro yo guteramo CO₂, uburyo bwo guteramo amazi, imiyoboro yo guterura peteroli na gazi nkeya, n'uruganda rutunganya imiyoboro ruhuza uruganda.

Womic SteelItanga umuyoboro wa X65+316L ufatanye n'icyuma – uburyo buhendutse bwo gusimbura aloyi zikomeye za 316L cyangwa zirenzeho. Yagenewe serivisi nziza (CO₂ idafite H₂S cyangwa chloride nyinshi). Ishyigikiwe n'inyandiko zuzuye nziza n'uburambe ku isi mu gutwara ibintu.

Ohereza imeri kuri twe Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

1. Incamake - Impamvu Umuyoboro wa X65+316L Upfundikiye

Ku miyoboro itwara gazi karemano irimo dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) ariko ikaba ifite ingano ntoya ya hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) na chloride nkeya, icyuma cya karubone gikomeye cyangirika vuba, mu gihe icyuma cya 316L gikomeye kidashonga akenshi kiba cyaravuzweho byinshi kandi gihenze.

Umuyoboro wa X65+316L w'ibyuma bifatanye n'imiyoboro ya metaliitanga ahantu ho hagati heza:

Igice cyo hanze cya X65Itanga imbaraga nyinshi (umusaruro ntarengwa wa 450 MPa), gukomera kw'ivunika, no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi - neza cyane umuyoboro wa API 5L X65 uzwiho.

Igipfundikizo cy'imbere cya 316Likora ku mazi mu buryo butaziguye, ikarwanya ingese ya CO₂, oxidation rusange, n'imiterere yoroheje ya aside.

Ibice byombi bifatanye burundu n'umugozi w'icyuma (hot roll bonding + JCOE forming). Nta ngaruka zo gusenyuka, guhindagura, cyangwa gutandukana - bitandukanye n'umuyoboro w'ibyuma ukozwe mu buryo bwa mekanike.

Iyi mvange ikoreshwa cyane murisisitemu zo gukusanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere,Imiyoboro ya CO₂ yo kugarura peteroli (EOR),imiyoboro yo guterwamo amazi, nainzira z'amavuta na gaze zidafite chloride nyinshi.

2. Ibintu by'ingenzi n'inyungu

Ikiranga	Inyungu
Ihuriro ry'ibyuma	Ingufu zo gukata umurongo ≥200 MPa – nta gucika cyangwa gutandukanya umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'umuvuduko
Inkingi ikomeye ya X65	Yemerera urukuta rworoshye ugereranije n'icyuma cyo hasi, igabanya uburemere n'ikiguzi cyo gusudira
Ubudahangarwa bwa 316L mu kurwanya ingese	Irwanya kwangirika kwa CO₂ (service nziza), oxidation rusange, no kugabanuka kwa chloride
Ihendutse ku giciro	40-50% bihendutse ugereranyije n'umuyoboro ukomeye wa 316L ufite igipimo kimwe cy'umuvuduko
Gukurikirana byuzuye	Buri muyoboro wanditseho inomero y'ubushyuhe; raporo zuzuye za MTC na NDT
Byagaragaye ko bikorera	Yashyizwe mu miyoboro ya gazi yo ku nkombe ya kilometero amagana

3. Amakuru ya tekiniki n'ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho

3.1 Ibikubiye mu binyabutabire (%)

Igice	Ibyuma bifasha inyuma bya X65 (ntarengwa)	Igipfundikizo cya 316L (ntarengwa)
Karuboni (C)	0.12	0.030
Silikoni (Si)	0.45	0.75
Manganese (Mn)	1.60	2.00
Fosifore (P)	0.025	0.045
Sulfure (S)	0.015	0.030
Chromium (Cr)	0.30	16.0 – 18.0
Nickel (Ni)	0.50	10.0 – 14.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.15	2.0 – 3.0
Niobium (Nb)	0.05	—
Titanium (Ti)	0.04	—
Vanadium (V)	0.10	—

3.2 Imiterere ya mekanike

Umutungo	Inkingi ya X65	Igipfundikizo cya 316L
Imbaraga z'umusaruro (min, MPa)	450	170
Imbaraga zo Gufata (min, MPa)	535	485
Uburebure (iminota, %)	18	35
Ubukomere (ntarengwa, HV)	250	200
Ubukomere bw'ingaruka (iminota, J kuri 0°C)	100 (impuzandengo)	Ntabwo ari ngombwa

3.3 Imiterere y'Uburyo bwo Guhuza Imboga

Igipimo	Ibisabwa	Uburyo bwo Gupima
Ingufu zo Kogosha	≥200 MPa	Ikizamini cyo gusunika kuri buri API 5LD
ubusugire bw'impapuro z'agaciro za UT	Nta gutandukana >50mm, igiteranyo cyose <2%	Isuzuma rya ultrasound ry'umubiri wose

3.4 Ingano y'ibipimo (Isanzwe)

OD (inchi/mm)	Uburemere bw'inyuma (mm)	Uburemere bw'igipfundikizo (mm)	Uburebure (m)
8″ (219.1)	8.0 – 15.0	1.5 – 2.5	12/18
10″ (273.1)	8.0 – 18.0	1.5 – 3.0	12/18
12″ (323.9)	9.0 – 20.0	1.5 – 3.0	12/18
16″ (406.4)	10.0 – 22.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
20″ (508.0)	10.0 – 25.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
24″ (609.6)	12.0 – 30.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
36″ (914.4)	12.0 – 30.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
48″ (1219.2)	14.0 – 30.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18

Ingano zihariye ziraboneka iyo ubisabye. Ubugari ntarengwa bwo gupfuka bushobora kugera kuri mm 4 mu masanduku yihariye.

4. Uburyo bwo gukora - Guhuza ibyuma bishyushye + JCOE

Womic Steel ikora imiyoboro ya X65+316L ikoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoraguhuza umugozi ushyushye + JCOE ikorainzira:

Gutegura ubuso– Amasahani ya X65 na 316L arasukurwa, araseswa, kandi arasuzumwa.

Guteranya ibyuma bivamo umwuka– Amasahani abiri ashyizwe hamwe n'urwego rwa 316L rureba imbere, rufunze munsi y'umwuka kugira ngo umwuka uvane.

Gushyuha cyane– Iki gikoresho gishyushya kugeza kuri 1150-1250°C hanyuma kikanyuzwa mu cyuma gisya. Kugabanya cyane (5:1 kugeza 10:1) bitera isano ya metallurgike binyuze mu gukwirakwiza atome.

Gukonjesha no kugenzura isahani– Isahani ipfutse irakonjeshwa, kandi ipfundikizo ryapimwe 100% hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ipfundikizo iryo ari ryo ryose.

JCOE ikora– Isahani ipfundikiye iracukurwa mu mpande, hanyuma ikorwamo umuyoboro ufunguye hakoreshejwe urukurikirane rw'imashini zicapa za JCO.

Gusudira umushono mu gihe kirekire– Umugozi ufunguye uhuzwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira bubiri butwikiriye (SAW) hamwe n’icyuma cya 316L cyangwa 309L ku gice cy’imbere cy’imashini n’icyuma cya karuboni ku gice cy’inyuma cy’imashini.

Kwagura (ni ngombwa)- Kwagura ibyuma binoza imiterere y'umubiri kandi bigabanya imihangayiko.

Gukoresha ubushyuhe– Gukoresha ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira (PWHT) iyo bikenewe hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’umushinga.

NDT n'ibizamini– Reba Igice cya 5 hepfo.

Gusoza– Impera zikozwe mu mabuye zirimo amavuta arwanya ingese n'imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki.

5. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Isuzuma – Buri muyoboro urasuzumwa

Imiyoboro ya X65+316L irageragezwa hakurikijwe API 5LD n'ibisabwa by'umushinga.

Ikizamini	Uburyo	Aho biherereye	Kwemera
Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo	Spekterometero ya OES	Ubushyuhe bwose bwa X65 na 316L	Ubutabire ku gipimo ngenderwaho
Isuzuma rya Bond ultrasound	Umubiri wose UT (longitudinal & shear wave)	100% by'isahani ipfutse mbere yo kuyirema	Nta gutandukana >50mm; gutandukana kose <2%
Umushonge wo gusudira UT	UT yikora (itsinda ry'ibikoresho / risanzwe)	100% by'ubuso bukozwe mu gihe kirekire	Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya API 5LD / DNV
Gusudira MT / PT	Agace k'ibara rya magnetic / irangi rijyamo	Gusudira ibirenge, impera	Nta bimenyetso by'umurongo
Isuzuma rya tekiniki	Ingufu zihindagurika, ziyobowe	Itsinda rimwe kuri buri musaruro (imiyoboro igera kuri 50)	Kunanirwa hanze yo gusudira / gufatanya
Isuzuma ry'ubukomere	HV10 hejuru y'aho ipfundikiwe, ifatanirizo, HAZ	Rimwe kuri buri itsinda	Igipfundikizo ≤200 HV, inyuma ≤250 HV
Ikizamini cy'amazi	Igitutu cy'igishushanyo cya 1.5×, fata 10s	Buri muyoboro	Nta gusohoka kw'amazi
Igenzura ry'ingano	Laser / calipers / kaseti	100%	OD, WT, uburebure, ovalite
Igenzura rigaragara n'iry'iherezo	Ishusho igaragara neza	100%	Nta nenge zo ku buso; igishushanyo mbonera cy'umugozi

Ibizamini by'inyongera biboneka iyo ubisabye:

● Ingufu hagati y'udusate (ASTM A262 Practice E) yo gupfuka 316L

● HIC / SSC (NACE TM0284 / TM0177) kugira ngo ubone serivisi nziza

● Ingufu z'ubushyuhe buke (Charpy) ku byuma bifasha inyuma kuri -20°C / -40°C

● Gupima ingano y'ibikomoka kuri Ferrite

6. Porogaramu zisanzwe n'ingero z'umushinga

6.1 Guteranya Gazi Kamere ku Nkombe

Ishusho:Ikibuga cya gaze muri Aziya yo Hagati gifite CO₂ 12-18%, H₂S <20ppm, chloride <1000ppm.
Igisubizo:Umuyoboro w'amazi wa X65+316L, OD 323.9mm, uburebure bw'inyuma bwa mm 12.7, ubwikorezi bwa mm 2.0.
Ibisubizo:Umuyoboro wa kilometero 85 washyizweho kuva 2021 kugeza 2022; igenzura ry'imbere nyuma y'imyaka 2 ryagaragaje ko nta ngeso ifatika yangiritse.

6.2 Kugarura Amavuta mu buryo bwa CO₂ (EOR)

Ishusho:Umuyoboro wa CO₂ wo guteramo amashanyarazi mu mushinga wa CCUS mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa.
Igisubizo:Umuyoboro w'amazi wa X65+316L, OD 508mm, inyuma ifite uburemere bwa mm 15.9, inkingi y'amazi ya 2.5mm.
Ibisubizo:Umuyoboro wa kilometero 25 ukorera kuri 22 MPa, ubushyuhe bwa 60°C; nta kibazo cya corruption cyangwa liner nyuma y'amezi 18.

6.3 Umurongo wo guterwamo amazi

Ishusho:Yakozwe mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, chloride nkeya ariko CO₂ nyinshi.
Igisubizo:Umuyoboro w'amazi wa X65+316L, OD 610mm, uburebure bw'inyuma bwa mm 12.7, ubwikorezi bwa mm 1.8.
Ibisubizo:Ibyuma bikomeye bya karubone byasimbuwe hamwe n'icyuma kibuza ingese; ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga cyagabanutseho 40%.

7. Kuki wahitamo Womic Steel kuri X65+316L Clad Pipe?

Impamvu	Ibisobanuro birambuye
Umukora w'inararibonye	Mu myaka irenga 15 ishize hakozwe imiyoboro ipfundikiye, hatanzwe amatoni ibihumbi
Inkunga nyayo y'ibyuma	Nta ngaruka zo kugwa kw'umuyoboro w'amazi - byujuje ibisabwa byose kuri API 5LD
Gukurikirana byuzuye	Buri muyoboro ushobora gukurikiranwa kuva kuri koyili kugeza ku igenzura rya nyuma
NDT yo mu nzu	UT, MT, hydrostatic – byose bikorwa n'abatekinisiye bemewe
Igihe gito cyo kwishyura	Ingano zisanzwe: ibyumweru 8-10; ingano zihariye: ibyumweru 12-14
Kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi hose	Amategeko ya FOB, CIF, CFR; gupakira ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi (ibikapu cyangwa ububiko bw'ibikoresho)

8. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)

Q1: Ese umuyoboro wa X65+316L upfundikiye ushobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi ishyushye (H₂S)?
A: Ntibyemewe ku birebana na H₂S nyinshi (>50ppm) cyangwa chloride nyinshi (>10,000ppm). Ku bijyanye na serivisi yo gukaraba, turagusaba gukoresha X65MS backing + Alloy 825 cyangwa Inconel 625 cladding.

Ikibazo cya 2: Ese igipfunyika cya 316L gishobora kwangirika mu gihe cyo gusudira?
A: Litiro 316 ni karubone nkeya (≤0.03%), bityo ikarinda ubukana. Kugira ngo turusheho kugira umutekano, dushobora gutanga umuyoboro upfundikiye ufite umuti.

Q3: Igihe gisanzwe cyo gukora serivisi kimara kingana iki?
A: Mu gutanga CO₂ nziza (nta chloride cyangwa H₂S), imyaka 20-30 irashoboka. Ubuzima nyakuri bushingiye ku muvuduko w'amazi, ubushyuhe, n'imiterere y'imiti.

Q4: Ese ushobora gutanga umuyoboro muto w’ubugari bwa X65+316L (≤6″)?
A: Ku murambararo wa ≤168mm (6″), umuyoboro wa centrifugal casting + extrusion clad udafite umugozi urakwiye cyane. Turatanga ibyo kandi.

Q5: Ni izihe nyandiko ziri muri buri kohereza?
A: Icyemezo cya EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 (ubutabire, gukurura, ingaruka, gukata ingano, UT, hydro), raporo za NDT, raporo y'ibipimo, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi, inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo.

Q6: Ese mutanga igenzura ry’umuntu wa gatatu?
A: Yego. Dukorana na SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, LR. Impamyabushobozi zo mu bwoko bwa 3.2 ziraboneka hamwe n'igenzura ry'abatangabuhamya.