Ibisobanuro by'igicuruzwa
Womic Steel itanga imiyoboro myiza ya ASTM A213 TP304H na TP316Ti yo mu cyuma kidafunze ifite umuvuduko utagira umugese kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi no mu muvuduko ukabije. TP304H itanga ingano ya karuboni nyinshi (0.04-0.10%) kugira ngo irusheho gukomera mu bushyuhe bukabije kugeza kuri 800°C. TP316Ti ifite titanium ihamye hamwe na molybdenum, itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibinogo n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ni nziza ku bikoresho bishyushya cyane, ibikoresho bishyushya, ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, n'ibikoresho bikoresha boiler. Ingano yo hanze ni 6.0mm-127mm (1/8"-5"), ubugari bw'urukuta ni 0.5mm-12.7mm, uburebure ni 18m. Icyemezo cy'uruganda, ikizamini cy'amazi, UT/ET, ikizamini cyo gutwika/gutemba kirahari. Igiciro cyiza kandi gutanga vuba.
Ingano y'umuyoboro utagira umushongi:Ingano yo hanze: 6.0mm-127mm (1/8"-5"), Ubunini bw'urukuta: 0.5mm-12.7mm, Uburebure: 6m, 12m cyangwa uko bikenewe
Igipimo gisanzwe n'icyiciro cy'umuyoboro udafite umugozi:ASTM A213 Icyiciro cya TP304H (UNS S30409, Werkstoff 1.4948), TP316Ti (UNS S31635, Werkstoff 1.4571); Birashoboka kandi TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP321H, TP347H
Imikoreshereze y'Umuyoboro Udafite Umugozi:Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ashyushye cyane, imiyoboro ishyushya, imiyoboro y'amazi yo ku nkuta za boiler, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe, imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma bitanga umwuka ushyushye cyane, amashanyarazi, gutunganya peteroli, ibishyushya byo gutunganya ibyuma, imiyoboro y'itanura, imiyoboro igarura ubushyuhe bw'imyanda
Womic SteelItanga ibiciro byiza kandi bishimishije bya ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti boilers zidafite umugozi, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu miyoboro. Icyemezo cy'uruganda, ikizamini cy'amazi, isuzuma rya UT/ET, ikizamini cyo gutwika/gutembera, igice cyometseho imigozi kirahari. Gutanga byihuse na serivisi nziza.
Womic Steel: Ubushobozi bwo gukora n'imbaraga z'ikigo
Womic Steel Group ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho bikomeye kandi rutumiza mu mahanga ku isi rufite ubunararibonye bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu gukora ibikoresho bya karuboni, alloy, na stainless steel tubular. Ikigo cyacu gigezweho cyo gukora imiyoboro idafite umugozi cyihariye mu gukora imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugozi bishyuha cyane kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gutanga amashanyarazi no gukoresha peteroli.
Ingano y'umusaruro wa ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti Umuyoboro Udafite Umusatsi:Ubugari bwo hanze kuva kuri mm 6.0 kugeza kuri mm 127 (inchi 1/8 kugeza kuri santimetero 5) hamwe n'ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri mm 0.5 kugeza kuri mm 12.7. Uburebure bumwe butunguranye bwa metero 6, uburebure bubiri butunguranye bwa metero 12, cyangwa uburebure bwihariye kugeza kuri metero 18 uko bikenewe.
Impamyabumenyi z'Ubuziranenge n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko:
ISO 9001:2015 Yemejwe:Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge igamije kwemeza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa mu bikorwa byose.
Iyubahirizwa rya ASTM A213 / ASME SA213:Kubahiriza byimazeyo amabwiriza ngenderwaho ya ASTM A213/A213M na ASME SA213 kuri Seamless Ferritic na Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, na Heat-Exchanger Tubes.
PED 2014/68/EU (Ibimenyetso bya CE):Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ibikoresho by'umuvuduko by'i Burayi. Ikimenyetso cya CE kiraboneka iyo ubisabye.
Kode y'ubwato bw'umuvuduko wa ASME na ASME:Icyiciro cya II cy’impamyabumenyi y’ibikoresho irahari ku bijyanye no gukoresha ASME Code.
Icyemezo cya EN 10204 3.2:Icyemezo cy’igenzura 3.2 cyemejwe na TÜV, LR, BV, cyangwa SGS ku bikorwa by’ingenzi bisaba gukurikirana neza ibikoresho byose.
Ibyemezo by’Ubugenzuzi bw’Uruhande rwa Gatatu (TPI):Ibicuruzwa n'inzira byemejwe na SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, na TÜV.
Kumenyekana ku Isi:Womic Steel ni umucuruzi wizewe w’inganda zikora amashyuza, inganda z’amashanyarazi, n’inganda zikora peteroli zikorera ibihugu birenga 80 ku isi.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti
Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibiranga imikorere
TP304H (UNS S30409, Werkstoff 1.4948)
ASTM A213 TP304H ni verisiyo ya TP304 icyuma kitagira umukungugu gifite karuboni nyinshi, cyagenewe by'umwihariko serivisi z'ubushyuhe buri hejuru. Inyito ya "H" igaragaza ingano ya karuboni igenzurwa (0.04-0.10%) kugira ngo yongere imbaraga zo gucika ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ugereranyije na TP304L (0.035% ya karuboni ntarengwa), TP304H itanga imbaraga nyinshi ku bushyuhe buri hejuru, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku miyoboro ishyushya cyane n'iy'amashanyarazi mu byuma bishyushya umuriro.
TP316Ti (UNS S31635, Werkstoff 1.4571)
ASTM A213 TP316Ti ni icyuma gikozwe muri austenitic cyakozwe muri austenitic gifite molybdenum. Kongeramo titanium (iminota 5 × C) birinda kononekara no kwangirika hagati y’uduce duto nyuma yo gusudira cyangwa guhura n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ingano ya molybdenum (2.0-3.0%) itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika no gucika kw’uduce duto, bigatuma TP316Ti iba nziza cyane ku bidukikije birimo chloride ku bushyuhe buri hejuru.
ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti Ibikubiye mu Kinyabutabire (Isesengura ry'Inkweto, % ku bunini):
| Igice | Ibisabwa kuri TP304H | Ibisabwa kuri TP316Ti |
| Karuboni (C) | 0.04 - 0.10 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| Fosifore (P) | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.045 |
| Sulfure (S) | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Silikoni (Si) | ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 0.75 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0 - 20.0 | 16.0 - 18.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0 - 11.0 | 10.0 - 14.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | — | 2.0 - 3.0 |
| Titanium (Ti) | — | ≥ 5×C, ≤ 0.70 |
Icyitonderwa: TP304H isaba ingano y'ibinyampeke bikomeye (ASTM No. 7 cyangwa bikomeye) kugira ngo ishobore guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kongeramo titanium ya TP316Ti bitanga uburyo bwo kurinda ingese hagati y'udusimba.
Imiterere ya ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti (Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba):
| Umutungo | Ibisabwa kuri TP304H | Ibisabwa kuri TP316Ti |
| Imbaraga zo Gufata (iminota) | 515 MPa (75,000 psi) | 515 MPa (75,000 psi) |
| Imbaraga z'umusaruro (uburemere, 0.2% by'igabanuka) | 205 MPa (30.000 psi) | 205 MPa (30.000 psi) |
| Uburebure (iminota, 2" gauge) | 35% | 35% |
| Ubukomere (ntarengwa) | 192 HB / 90 HRB | 192 HB / 90 HRB |
| Ingano y'ibinyampeke | ASTM No. 7 cyangwa ikomeye kurushaho | — |
Imiterere ifatika ya ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti:
| Umutungo | TP304H | TP316Ti |
| Ubucucike (g/cm³) | 7.9 | 8.0 |
| Aho gushonga (°C) | 1400-1450 | 1370-1400 |
| Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | 193 | 193 |
| Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe (100°C, W/m·K) | 16.2 | 15.0 |
| Koreji yo Kwagura Ubushyuhe (20-200°C, μm/m·K) | 17.2 | 16.5 |
Igereranya ry'Imiterere y'Ubushyuhe Bukabije:
| Ubushyuhe (°C) | Imbaraga z'umusaruro wa TP304H (MPa) | Imbaraga z'umusaruro wa TP316Ti (MPa) |
| 400 | 150 | 155 |
| 500 | 135 | 140 |
| 600 | 115 | 120 |
| 700 | 85 | 90 |
| 800 | 50 | 55 |
*Icyitonderwa: Ingano zombi zigumana imbaraga zingirakamaro kugeza kuri 800°C. TP316Ti itanga imbaraga nziza ku bushyuhe bwinshi bitewe n’inyongera za molybdenum na titanium.*
Imiterere ya ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti yo gucika kw'imitsi no gucika kw'imitsi:
| Ubushyuhe (°C) | Umuvuduko wa 1% mu masaha 100,000 (MPa) | |
| TP304H | TP316Ti | |
| 600 | 70 | 75 |
| 650 | 45 | 50 |
| 700 | 28 | 32 |
| 750 | 15 | 18 |
Icyitonderwa: Ingano ya karuboni nyinshi muri TP304H n'iyubahirizwa rya TP316Ti bitanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi igihe kirekire.
Igereranya ry'amanota:
| Icyiciro | Karuboni | Gutuza | Mo | Ubushyuhe Bunini | Imbaraga zo Gutera | Ubudahangarwa bwo Kugwa |
| TP304L | ≤ 0.035 | Nta na kimwe | No | Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 800°F (427°C) | Hasi | Hasi |
| TP304H | 0.04-0.10 | Nta na kimwe | No | 1500°F (816°C) | Hejuru | Hasi |
| TP316Ti | ≤ 0.08 | Ti (5×C) | Yego | 1500°F (816°C) | Hejuru | Hejuru |
| TP321H | 0.04-0.10 | Ti (4×C) | No | 1500°F (816°C) | Hejuru | Hagati |
*Icyitonderwa: TP304H ikundwa cyane mu gihe cyumutse kandi gishyuha cyane. TP316Ti ikundwa cyane mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa kirimo chloride.*
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti
Iyubahirizwa ry'Uburebure bw'Ibipimo n'Amahame
Womic Steel itanga imiyoboro ya ASTM A213 TP304H na TP316Ti idafite umugozi mu buryo burambuye, ikurikije neza amahame ya ASTM A213/A213M na ASME SA213.
| Ikintu | Ibisobanuro |
| Igisanzwe | ASTM A213/A213M, ASME SA213 (Ibyuma bishyushya ibyuma bidafite umugozi, ibishyushya binini, n'ibishyushya bihindura ubushyuhe) |
| Amanota | TP304H (UNS S30409, 1.4948), TP316Ti (UNS S31635, 1.4571) |
| Uburyo bwo gukora | Idafite umushono - Ifite ifunze ikonje / Ifite ifunze ikonje / Ifite ifunze ikonje |
| Intera y'Ubugari bwo Hanze | 6.0mm – 127mm (1/8" – 5") |
| Ubunini bw'urukuta | 0.5mm – 12.7mm (0.015" – 0.500") |
| Uburebure | uburebure bwa metero 6 (SR), metero 12 (DR), cyangwa uburebure bwihariye kugeza kuri metero 18 |
| Imiterere y'ibyo umuntu asabwa gutanga | Umuti wafashwe (1040-1120°C) + Amazi yazimye |
| Ingano y'ibinyampeke (TP304H) | ASTM No. 7 cyangwa ikomeye kurushaho |
| Irangizwa rya nyuma | Iherezo Risanzwe (PE) / Iherezo Rifite Imirongo Igororotse (BE) |
| Kurangiza ubuso | Yakuwemo n'ibinyampeke / Yakuwemo neza (BA) / Yaseye |
| Ibizamini byihariye | Ikizamini cyo Gushyushya / Ikizamini cyo Kugorora / Ikizamini cyo Gukoresha Amazi / Ikizamini cy'Ubushyuhe bwa Eddy |
Ubwihangane bushingiye ku bipimo kuri ASTM A213:
| Ibiranga | Ukwihanganirana |
| Diameter yo hanze (OD) | ± 0.13mm kuri OD < 25mm / ± 0.25mm kuri OD 25-50mm / ± 0.38mm kuri OD 50-100mm |
| Ubunini bw'urukuta (WT) | ± 12.5% kuri WIT > 0.065" / ± 15% kuri WIT ≤ 0.065" |
| Uburebure | +50mm, -0mm (uburebure bw'urusyo) |
Uburyo bwo gukora - Icuma kitagira umugozi kidakoresha ibyuma
Womic Steel ikora imiyoboro ya ASTM A213 TP321 y'icyuma kidasagwa idafite umugozi ikoresheje uburyo buhanitse bwo gushushanya no gukurura ibintu bikonje, igenzura ko ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bungana neza kandi ikarangirira neza ku buso.
Imikorere y'Umusaruro (Inzira y'Umuyoboro Udafite Umugozi Urimo Ubukonje / Ufite Ubukonje Uzungurutswe):
Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo (Billet):Ibice by'icyuma kidashonga (ubusanzwe bifite umurambararo wa mm 50-200) byemezwa ko bifite imiterere ya shimi hakurikijwe ibisabwa na ASTM A213 TP321 (17-19% Cr, 9-12% Ni, Ti ≥ 5 × C). Buri bice bihabwa inomero yihariye y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo ibikoresho byose bikurikirane neza mu gihe cyose bikozwe.
Gushyushya no gutobora amenyo y'ibiceri:Ibice by'imbere bishyushywa kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo gushongesha (1150-1250°C) mu ziko zizunguruka hanyuma bigatoborwa binyuze mu ruganda ruboza imigozi (Mannesmann process) kugira ngo bikoremo ibishishwa by'imiyoboro y'ubururu (indabyo z'ubururu).
Gusohora cyangwa Kuzunguruka:Ibikonoshwa bitobowe birushaho gushyuha cyangwa gusohoka kugira ngo bigabanye umurambararo n'ubugari bw'urukuta. Kuri TP321, kugenzura ubushyuhe witonze birinda imvura ya titaniyumu mu gihe cyo gukora ubushyuhe.
Annealing (Iri hagati):Nyuma yo gukora ibintu bishyushye, imiyoboro irashyirwamo umuti kuri 1040-1120°C hanyuma hagakonjeshwa vuba (kuzimya amazi cyangwa gukonjesha umwuka) kugira ngo ishongeshe karubide kandi igarure ubudahangarwa bw'ingese.
Guteka no Gukuraho Ubunini:Igikanka cyakozwe mu gihe cyo gukurura gikurwaho no gusya mu bwogero bwa aside (uruvange rwa aside nitrike-hydrofluoric), bikagaragaza ubuso busukuye kandi bumwe.
Igishushanyo Gikonje (Impamyabumenyi imwe cyangwa nyinshi):Imiyoboro inyura mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bukonje bunyura mu buryo bunoze kandi bunyura hejuru ya mandrels kugira ngo igere ku rugero rusabwa rwa OD, WT, n'uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu. Igabanuka risanzwe kuri buri nzira: 20-40%.
Gutembera mu buryo bukonje (Gutwara mu mazi - Ubusa):Kugira ngo ubugari bw'inkuta bugabanuke cyane cyangwa ngo burusheho kunoza imiterere y'ubuso, imiyoboro itunganywa binyuze mu nganda zikora pilger. Iyi gahunda ikora neza cyane ku miyoboro y'inkuta nto n'iy'ubuziranenge.
Kugabanya ibinure hagati:Hagati yo gukurura cyangwa gutembera, imiyoboro inyura hagati mu gufunga (1040-1120°C) kugira ngo igabanye gukomera kw'akazi no gusubiza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza nyuma yo gutunganya.
Uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe (Gufata umuti):Imiyoboro ihabwa umuti wa nyuma wo gushyushya kuri 1040-1120°C hanyuma hagakonjeshwa vuba kugira ngo hagerwe ku miterere yagenwe ya mekanike, kurwanya ingese, n'imiterere y'ibinyampeke. Ibi ni ingenzi kuri TP321 kugira ngo karubide za titaniyumu zishonge neza kandi zikongererwe imbaraga.
Kugorora no Gukata:Gutunganya neza kugira ngo bihuze n'ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kugororoka (0.15% by'uburebure bwose), hanyuma ugakata neza neza, ufite impera zisukuye kandi zidafite imigozi.
Gusoza no kugenzura ubuso:Gusuzuma amaso kugira ngo harebwe ko nta busembwa bwo hejuru nk'imivuniko, imikufi, imikufi n'ibishishwa. Gukoresha pickling cyangwa annealing nziza nk'irangiza rya nyuma ry'ubuso.
Kurangiza:Impera zisanzwe (ziciwe kare), impera zikozwe mu buryo bwa bevel (inguni ya bevel ya 30-35° ifite 1.6mm ± 0.8mm yo kugwa), cyangwa impera zikozwe mu buryo bwa texed nkuko umukiriya abiteganya.
Amahame Mpuzamahanga Ahuriweho ku Miyoboro Itagira Umushongi Idafite Ingufu
| Igisanzwe | Izina ryuzuye risanzwe | Amanota akurikizwa | Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha |
| ASTM A213 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Feritiki idafite Seamless na Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, na Heat-Exchanger Tubes | TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP309, TP310, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H | Imiyoboro ya boiler, imiyoboro ishyushya cyane, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe |
| ASTM A312 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku miyoboro y'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umushongi, bisudiwe, kandi bikonje cyane | TP304 / L, TP316 / L, TP321, TP347, TP904L | Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bitagira umuvuduko, imiyoboro ikoresha ingufu |
| ASTM A269 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku miyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umushongi kandi gishongeshejwe cya Austenitic Stainless Steel kuri serivisi rusange | TP304 / L, TP316 / L, TP321, TP347 | Serivisi rusange zo gukoresha imiyoboro y'amazi, ibikoresho, ikoreshwa rya mekanike |
| ASTM A789 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku miyoboro ya Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing idafite umugozi kandi ivanze na welded kuri serivisi rusange | S31803 (2205), S32205, S32750 (2507), S32760 | Imiyoboro ibiri y'icyuma kidasagwa, serivisi rusange |
| ASTM A790 | Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku muyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi kandi gishongeshejwe na Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless | S31803 (2205), S32205, S32750 (2507), S32760 | Imiyoboro ibiri y'icyuma kidashonga, ikoreshwa mu gukanda |
| EN 10216-5 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushongi ku mpamvu z'umuvuduko - Ibisabwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki mu gutanga - Igice cya 5: Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidafunze | 1.4301 (304), 1.4307 (304L), 1.4401 (316), 1.4404 (316L), 1.4541 (321), 1.4878 (321H), 1.4550 (347) | Intego z'igitutu, isoko ry'i Burayi |
| EN 10305-1 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa neza - Ibisabwa mu gutanga ibikoresho bya tekiniki - Igice cya 1: Imiyoboro ikonje idakora neza | E215, E235, E355 (icyuma cya karuboni) | Uburyo bwo gukoresha neza, silinda za hydraulic |
| EN 10216-2 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushongi ikoreshwa mu gushyushya igitutu - Imiyoboro y'icyuma idakoresha aloyi n'iy'icyuma ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwagenwe | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH (karuboni/alloy) | Impamvu z'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe bwinshi |
| JIS G3459 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakoresha ifu | SUS304TP, SUS304LTP, SUS316TP, SUS316LTP, SUS321TP, SUS347TP | Imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, isoko ry'Ubuyapani |
| JIS G3463 | Boiler y'icyuma kidakoresha ibyuma bishyushya n'imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe | SUS304TKA, SUS316TKA, SUS321TKA, SUS347TKA | Ibyuma bihindura ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi, isoko ry'Ubuyapani |
| GB/T 14976 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umushongi ikoreshwa mu gutwara amazi | 0Cr18Ni9 (304), 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 (316L), 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321) | Ubwikorezi bw'amazi, isoko ry'Ubushinwa |
| GB/T 14975 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidafunze idafite umushongi ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi | 0Cr18Ni9 (304), 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321) | Intego z'inyubako, isoko ry'Ubushinwa |
| GB 13296 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umushongi ikoreshwa mu gushyushya no mu gushyushya | 0Cr18Ni9 (304), 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 (316), 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321) | Imashini ihindura ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi, isoko ry'Ubushinwa |
| ISO 1127 | Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakoresha ifu - Ingano, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu n'uburemere busanzwe kuri buri gice cy'uburebure | — | Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ibipimo ku miyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga |
| NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 | Inganda za peteroli na gaze karemano - Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bidukikije birimo H₂S mu gukora peteroli na gaze | 304 / L, 316 / L, 321, 347, 2205, 2507 | Serivisi mbi, umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze |
Gupakira no Kohereza
Gupfunyika:
l Ubwishingizi bw'uburinzi:Amaboko ya pulasitiki cyangwa imipfundikizo ishyirwa kuri buri muyoboro kugira ngo hirindwe gushwanyagurika no guhumeka.
l Guteranya:Imiyoboro ifatanye kandi igafatanywa n'imigozi y'icyuma (imigozi 3-5 kuri buri mupfundikizo) ifite inkingi zirinda impfuruka. Impeta z'ibiti cyangwa ifuro hagati y'ibice birinda kwangirika.
l Imisozo y'impera:Imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki (PE cyangwa PP) ku mpera zombi irinda impera n'imigozi byangiritse cyangwa bidafite aho bihuriye n'inkongi ndetse n'imyanda ikagera.
l Amasanduku y'ibiti:Ku bijyanye n'igiciro cyo hejuru cyangwa amabwiriza akozwe neza, imiyoboro ipakiye mu masanduku akomeye y'ibiti cyangwa mu dusanduku twa plywood kugira ngo irusheho kurindwa.
l Amasakoshi yo gusukura amazi:Yongerwaho kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo butabangamira ubushuhe cyangwa mu gutwara ibintu mu mazi maremare.
Kohereza:
Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu:Amato y’ibigega (20ft/40ft), atwara ibintu byinshi (>toni 500), cyangwa atwara ibintu mu kirere kugira ngo byoherezwe mu buryo bw’icyitegererezo.
Gushyira mu bikoresho bya kontenari:Imiyoboro ishyirwa mu bikoresho bisanzwe. Umutwaro ntarengwa: toni 20-25 kuri metero 20, toni 25-28 kuri metero 40.
Ubwikorezi bw'ubwato bwinshi:Amabwiriza manini yinjizwa mu byuma bitwara imizigo binini birimo imitako yo guterura, gukandagira no gufunga imizigo kugira ngo imizigo ikomeze.
Gushyiramo ibirango no kwandika inyandiko:Buri gapfunyika kanditseho urwego, ibipimo, ingano, nomero y'ubushyuhe. Inyandiko zuzuye zo kohereza (fagitire, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo, COO, MTC) zateguwe kugira ngo zisohorwe kuri gasutamo.
Kwizirika mu buryo bwizewe:Imigozi ihambiriwe n'imigozi y'icyuma, imifuka yo mu bwoko bwa dunnage, cyangwa imigozi y'ibiti kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bihinduka mu gihe cyo kunyuramo.
Gukurikirana no Kwishingiza:Nimero zo gukurikirana kontineri ziratangwa. Ubwishingizi bw'imizigo yo mu mazi buraboneka iyo ubisabye.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge n'ibizamini
| Urugendo | Uburyo bwo kugenzura | Intego |
| Ibikoresho fatizo (Billet) | Isesengura ry'ibinyabutabire (OES Spectrometer) | Genzura ko imbibi z’ibikubiye muri ASTM A213 TP321 zujuje ibisabwa (Cr, Ni, Ti, C, nibindi) |
| Ibikoresho fatizo (Billet) | Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba | Mbere yo gutunganya ibikoresho, banza urebe neza ko bifite imbaraga. |
| Ibikoresho fatizo (Billet) | Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT) | Kumenya ibibyimba by'imbere n'ibisembwa |
| Muri gahunda | Igenzura ry'ibipimo (Mikorometero, Kalipere) | Igenzura rya OD, WT mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gutembera |
| Muri gahunda | Igenzura ry'Ishusho y'Ubuso | Kumenya inenge zo ku buso (imikufi, imikufi, imikaka) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Igenzura ry'Umuti wo Gufunga | Menya neza uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuvura ubushyuhe (1040-1120°C, ubukonje bwihuse) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko (Icyumba n'Ubushyuhe Bukabije) | Genzura imbaraga z'umusaruro (minimum 205 MPa), imbaraga zo gukurura (minimum 515 MPa), uburebure (minimum 35%) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cy'Ubukomere (HRB / HV) | Emeza ubukana ntarengwa bwa 92 HRB / 210 HV |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cyo Gutwika | Genzura ko ubushobozi bwo gupfuka no gufunga neza (agace k'umuyoboro karagutse gakoresheje mandrel irambuye) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cyo Kugorora | Genzura ko ubushobozi bwo gupfunyika n'uko ibintu bimeze (umuyoboro upfunyitse hagati y'amasahani ateganye) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Isuzuma rya Hydrostatic | Buri gitutu cy'umuyoboro cyapimwe ku gitutu cyagenwe (nta gusohoka byemewe) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cya Eddy Current (ET) | Igenzura rihoraho kuri interineti ry'ibitagenda neza ku buso n'ubuso bwo munsi y'ubutaka |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT) | Isuzuma ryuzuye ry'umubiri kugira ngo harebwe inenge z'imbere (ibisabwa by'inyongera) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Ikizamini cya Intergranular Corrosion (Ntabwo ari ngombwa) | Genzura uburyo bwo kurwanya ubukana bw'indwara (bikurikije ASTM A262 Practice E) |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Igenzura ry'ibipimo n'amashusho | Genzura OD, WT, uburebure, imiterere y'ubuso, ubuziranenge |
| Umuyoboro warangiye | Igenzura ry'ibimenyetso | Menya neza ko ikimenyetso gihoraho gikurikije ASTM A213 (igipimo gisanzwe, urwego, ingano, umubare w'ubushyuhe) |
Ibizamini by'inyongera (Ubisabye):
Ikizamini cyo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ikizamini cyo gucika kw'imitsi no gucika kw'imitsi
Ikizamini cy'ingaruka za Charpy (ku bushyuhe buri hasi)
Igipimo cy'ingano y'ibinyampeke (kuri ASTM E112)
Ikizamini cya ASTM A262 (Ikizamini cya E - Strauss)
Igipimo cy'ibipimo bya Ferrite (ku byuma bitagira umugese bibiri)
Inyandiko z'ubuziranenge:
Icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda hakurikijwe EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 cyangwa 3.2
Raporo y'ikizamini cya Hydrostatic (umuyoboro ku wundi)
Raporo y'igenzura rya ET / UT
Raporo y'ikizamini cyo gushyushya / gufunga
Uburyo bwo gukurikirana kuva ku mubare w'ubushyuhe kugeza ku muyoboro warangiye
Icyemezo cya NACE MR0175 (iyo ubisabye)
6. Porogaramu z'ibanze – ASTM A213 TP321 Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi
Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidasagwa ya ASTM A213 TP321 ifite umugozi ni ingenzi mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwangiza mu nganda zitandukanye:
Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi:Imiyoboro ya Superheater, imiyoboro ishyushya, imiyoboro y'amazi yo ku nkuta za boiler, imitwe y'umwuka, n'imiyoboro minini y'umwuka mu nganda zitanga ingufu zishyuha, utwuma duhuza amashanyarazi, n'inganda zitanga ingufu za kirimbuzi (zitari iz'ibanze). Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa TP321 bugera kuri 816°C butuma iba nziza cyane mu gukoresha boiler ikomeye cyane.
Utwuma two mu nganda:Sisitemu zo gukora umwuka ushyushye, amabati yo gushyushya amazi ashyushye, amabati yo gushyushya imyanda (WHRB), n'amabati yo gushyushya imyanda (HRSG) yo mu nganda. Uburyo bwo gushimangira titanium butuma habaho kumva ibintu mu gihe cyo gusudira no gutanga serivisi.
Kunoza no Gutunganya Petrokemike:Ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, ibishyushya bitunganya, amatanura acukurwa (ibiceri bya ethylene), imiyoboro ihindura imiterere y'amazi, n'imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye cyane mu nganda zitunganya no mu nganda zitunganya peteroli. TP321 irwanya kwangirika kwa aside polythionic stress corruption muri serivisi zo gutunganya.
Gutunganya imiti:Imashini zikora ibikoresho bya reakteri, abavugurura, imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ikora imyuka yangiza n'ibinyobwa, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gukora aside nitrike, aside sulfurike, n'ibinyabutabire bikomoka ku bimera.
Imitwe y'ubushyuhe bwinshi:Imitwe y'umwuka n'uburyo bwinshi bukora ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 400-800°C aho kudakomera kw'ikirere no kudahindagurika kw'ubushyuhe ari ingenzi cyane.
Imiyoboro y'itanura:Imiyoboro irabagirana, imiyoboro ikoresha convection section, n'imiyoboro itwara amashanyarazi mu itanura ry'inganda, ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe, n'ibikoresho bitwika.
Ibikoresho byo guhindura ubushyuhe:Utwuma duhindura ubushyuhe bw'ibishishwa n'imiyoboro, udupfunyika twa U-tube, n'imiyoboro ya condenser kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi no kwangiza.
Ibyerekeye Ikiresiteri n'Ubwugarizi:Imiyoboro y'amazi irimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, sisitemu z'umwuka uvamo moteri, hamwe n'ibice by'isitemu yo gusohora umwuka bisaba ubushyuhe bugera kuri 800°C.
Imiti n'Itunganya ry'Ibiryo:Imiyoboro y'umwuka ushyushye cyane n'ibikoresho bisukura aho kurwanya ingese no gusukura ari ngombwa.
Incamake y'Ikoreshwa ry'Inganda Zisanzwe
| Inganda | Porogaramu | Impamyabumenyi isabwa |
| Kubyaza Ingufu | Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro ishyushya, inkuta z'amazi ya boiler, imitwe y'umwuka | TP321, TP321H, TP347H |
| Ibinyabutabire bya peteroli | Imiyoboro y'itanura icikamo etileni, imiyoboro ivugurura, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe | TP321, TP321H, TP347 |
| Peteroli na Gazi | Imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, ibyuma bishyushya | TP321, TP316/L, 2205 |
| Gutunganya imiti | Imashini zikora reactor, imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, serivisi yo kwangiza | TP321, TP316/L, 904L |
| Imiti | Imiyoboro y'umwuka isukuye cyane, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho bidafite ubusembwa | TP304/L, TP316/L (Impera ya BA) |
| Ibyokurya n'ibinyobwa | Ibikoresho byo gutunganya, imiyoboro y'umwuka ushyushye cyane | TP304/L, TP316/L (Impera ya BA) |
| Gutunganya | Ibishyushya byanduye, ibishyushya bivamo umwuka, ibicanwa bya catalytic | TP321H, TP347H |
| Ibyerekeye ikirere | Imiyoboro y'amazi ishyushye cyane, sisitemu zo gusohora imyuka | TP321, 17-4PH |
| Gukuraho umunyu | Ibishyushya amazi ashyushye n'ibishyushya amazi bishyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi | TP316/L, 2205, 2507 |
| Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro | Imiyoboro y'ibiryo byo kogosha, imiyoboro y'ibimera bya bleach, imiyoboro yo kugarura amazi | TP316/L, 2205, 904L |
Incamake y'Ikoreshwa ry'Inganda Zisanzwe
| Inganda | Porogaramu | Impamyabumenyi isabwa |
| Kubyaza Ingufu | Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro ishyushya, inkuta z'amazi ya boiler, imitwe y'umwuka | TP321, TP321H, TP347H |
| Ibinyabutabire bya peteroli | Imiyoboro y'itanura icikamo etileni, imiyoboro ivugurura, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe | TP321, TP321H, TP347 |
| Peteroli na Gazi | Imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, ibyuma bishyushya | TP321, TP316/L, 2205 |
| Gutunganya imiti | Imashini zikora reactor, imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, serivisi yo kwangiza | TP321, TP316/L, 904L |
| Imiti | Imiyoboro y'umwuka isukuye cyane, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho bidafite ubusembwa | TP304/L, TP316/L (Impera ya BA) |
| Ibyokurya n'ibinyobwa | Ibikoresho byo gutunganya, imiyoboro y'umwuka ushyushye cyane | TP304/L, TP316/L (Impera ya BA) |
| Gutunganya | Ibishyushya byanduye, ibishyushya bivamo umwuka, ibicanwa bya catalytic | TP321H, TP347H |
| Ibyerekeye ikirere | Imiyoboro y'amazi ishyushye cyane, sisitemu zo gusohora imyuka | TP321, 17-4PH |
| Gukuraho umunyu | Ibishyushya amazi ashyushye n'ibishyushya amazi bishyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi | TP316/L, 2205, 2507 |
| Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro | Imiyoboro y'ibiryo byo kogosha, imiyoboro y'ibimera bya bleach, imiyoboro yo kugarura amazi | TP316/L, 2205, 904L |
Ibyiza n'Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa ku Cyuma cya Womic
Kuki wafatanya na Womic Steel mu gukora imiyoboro idafite imisumari?
Urutonde rwuzuye rw'amanota:Ibyuma byose bya austenitic (304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H, 310S), duplex (2205, 2507), na super austenitic (904L) by'icyuma kidafunze bifite umugozi munsi y'igisenge kimwe.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame menshi:ASTM A213, A312, A269, A789, A790, EN 10216-5, EN 10305-1, GB/T 14976, JIS G3459, JIS G3463. Umutanga serivisi umwe ku bijyanye n'ibikenewe ku isoko bitandukanye.
Gukora mu buryo bunoze:Uburyo bwo gukurura ubukonje n'ubukonje buzingurutse (bukozwe mu mazi) butuma habaho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo buhamye (± 0.05mm ku miyoboro ikora neza) n'ubuso bwiza (BA, indorerwamo, ikozwe mu mazi).
Gukurikirana byuzuye:Buri muyoboro ushobora gukurikiranwa kuva ku mubare w'ubushyuhe kugeza ku gicuruzwa cyarangiye hamwe n'inyandiko yuzuye.
Serivisi zo Kongera Agaciro:Imiterere y'insinga (30-35°), gukata impande zisanzwe, gukurura ubudodo, gushyiraho imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki, no kurangiza ubuso (BA, yahiye, irangi, indorerwamo) biraboneka mu nzu.
Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge:Ikizamini cya hydrostatic 100%, ikizamini cya eddy current (ET), ikizamini cya ultrasound (UT), ikizamini cyo gutwika no gufunga gikorerwa kuri buri muyoboro.
Igenzura ry’umuntu wa gatatu:Koroshya igenzura ryakozwe na DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR. Impamyabushobozi 3.2 zatanzwe iyo zisabwe.
Ibikoresho Mpuzamahanga:Ubufatanye bw’ingamba n’abatwara imizigo mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gupakira amakontenari no kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi yose mu buryo buhendutse.
Inkunga ya tekiniki:Itsinda ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi rirahari kugira ngo rihitemo ibikoresho, risimbuze amanota, kandi ritange inama ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho.
Hitamo Womic Steel Group nk'umufatanyabikorwa wawe wizeye ku miyoboro myiza ya ASTM A213 TP321 y'icyuma kidasagwa kandi idafite umugozi hamwe n'imikorere myiza yo gutanga ibikoresho bya boiler, imashini ihindura ubushyuhe, n'imishinga ya peteroli ku isi yose. Murakaza neza kubaza!
Urubuga: www.womicsteel.com
Imeri: sales@womicsteel.com
Terefone/WhatsApp/WeChat:
Victor: +86-15575100681
Jack: +86-18390957568
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Q: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya TP304H na TP304L?
A: TP304H ifite ingano ya karuboni nyinshi (0.04-0.10%) ugereranije na TP304L (0.035% ntarengwa). TP304H itanga imbaraga zo gukurura cyane iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru (kugeza kuri 816°C) kandi ikoreshwa mu miyoboro ishyushya cyane n’iy’imashini zishyushya. TP304L ni iyo gukoresha ubushyuhe buke busaba kurwanya ingese no gusudira.
Q: Ni iyihe nyungu ya TP316Ti ugereranyije na TP304H?
A: TP316Ti irimo molybdenum (2.0-3.0%) kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no gucika kw'imyobo, na titaniyumu kugira ngo ikomeze ingese hagati y'udusimba. TP316Ti ikundwa cyane mu bidukikije birimo chloride cyangwa ahantu hatose mu bushyuhe bwinshi. TP304H ikundwa cyane mu bidukikije byumye kandi bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Q: Kuki TP304H isabwa kugira ngo ibe ifite ingano y'ibinyampeke bikomeye (ASTM No. 7 cyangwa ikomeye)?
A: Ingano y'ibinyampeke bikomeye muri TP304H itanga imbaraga zo gukurura no gucika kw'imitsi mu bushyuhe buri hejuru. Ingano y'ibinyampeke byiza byagabanya imbaraga z'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ingano y'ibinyampeke igenzurwa ni ingenzi mu gukoresha imiyoboro ishyushya cyane n'iy'imashini zishyushya.
Q: Ni ubuhe bushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora kuri TP304H na TP316Ti?
A: Ingano zombi zifite ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi ya 1500°F (816°C) kuri buri ASME Boiler na Pressure Vessel Code. Kugira ngo serivisi ikomeze igihe kirekire irenze 800°C, hashobora gukenerwa alloys zihariye.
Q: Ese TP316Ti ikenera kuvurwa ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira?
A: Oya. Kubera ko titaniyumu ikomeza gukora neza, TP316Ti ntikenera ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo igarure ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese. Titaniyumu irinda imvura ya chromium carbide ku mbibi z'ingano mu gihe cyo gusudira.
Q: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya ASTM A213 TP304H na TP321H?
A: TP304H ntabwo ihamye hamwe na karubone nyinshi kugira ngo ikomere. TP321H ihamye na titaniyumu hamwe n’ubwoko bwa karubone busa. TP321H itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika hagati y’udusimba nyuma yo gusudira cyangwa guhura n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. TP304H ihendutse cyane ku bushyuhe bw’umusenyi bwumye kandi budakanganye.
Q: Ni iyihe NDT isabwa kuri boiler ya ASTM A213?
A: Gupima hifashishijwe amazi (buri muyoboro) cyangwa ikizamini cy’amashanyarazi (ET) ni itegeko. Ibizamini bitari ngombwa birimo gupima hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (UT), gupima amashanyarazi, no gupima ku buryo bworoshye. Ku bipimo by’ingenzi, 100% UT cyangwa ET bikunze kugenwa.
Q: Ese ushobora gukora igenzura ry’umuntu wa gatatu ku miyoboro ya TP304H/TP316Ti?
A: Yego. Igenzura ryakozwe na DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR rirahari. 3.2 Impamyabushobozi z'igenzura zemejwe n'abantu bemewe batanzwe iyo babisabye. Ubuhamya bw'ibizamini bya mekanike, NDT, n'igenzura ry'ibipimo burahari.
Q: Ni ryari igihe gisanzwe cyo gutanga imiyoboro ya ASTM A213 TP304H/TP316Ti idafite umugozi?
A: Ingano z'ibicuruzwa: iminsi 20-30. Ingano zihariye: iminsi 35-50. Ibisabwa byihariye (3.2 icyemezo, igenzura ry'umuntu wa gatatu) byongeraho iminsi 10-15. Igenzura ry'ingano y'ibinyampeke kuri TP304H ni ibisanzwe.
Q: Ni izihe nyandiko utanga ku bijyanye no kohereza TP304H/TP316Ti?
A: Icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda (EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 cyangwa 3.2), raporo y'imiterere y'imiti, raporo y'ikizamini cyo gukurura (icyumba n'ubushyuhe bwinshi), raporo y'ingano y'ibinyampeke (TP304H), raporo y'ikizamini cya hydrostatic, raporo y'ikizamini cyo gutwika/gutera, raporo ya NDT (UT / ET), raporo y'ibipimo, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, inyemezabuguzi, inyemezabuguzi y'imizigo.
Q: Ni ibihe bisoza ubuso biboneka kuri izi miyoboro ya boiler?
A: Yakuweho ibinure n'ibishishwa (bisanzwe, bikuraho ibinini kandi bigatanga ubuso busukuye), yakuweho ibishishwa by'ubushyuhe (BA - ubuso bugarura urumuri bufite ubunini buke), kandi irangijwe (ikozwe mu buryo bwa mekanike kugeza ku buryo butandukanye bwo gusya). Ku bijyanye no gukoresha boiler, yakuweho ibishishwa n'ibishishwa ni ibisanzwe.
Q: Ese TP304H na TP316Ti bikwiranye n'uburyo bwa ASME Code?
A: Yego. Ibyiciro byombi byemewe hakurikijwe ASME Boiler na Pressure Vessel Code Section II. TP304H yitwa SA-213 TP304H, TP316Ti ikaba SA-213 TP316Ti. Gushyiraho kashe n'icyemezo biraboneka iyo ubisabye.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A691 1.25Cr CL22 EFW: Wakozwe...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A691 1Cr CL22 EFW: Injira-Le...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A671 EFW: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bw'icyiciro ...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A691 2.25Cr CL22 EFW wo mu bwoko bwa High-T...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A671 CC70 CL22 EFW: Wakozwe...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A691 5Cr CL22 EFW wo gutunganya ...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A671 CC65 CL22 EFW: Wakozwe...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A691 9Cr CL22 EFW wo gukoresha ingufu ...
-
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A671 CC60 CL22 EFW: Wakozwe...