Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugozi wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L Ishusho igaragara

Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Womic Steel itanga umuyoboro wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L w’icyuma kidashonga ... Ingano y'umurambararo wo hanze kuva kuri 21.3mm kugeza kuri 914mm (1/2″ – 36″), ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri 0.5mm kugeza kuri 50mm (Gahunda ya 5S kugeza kuri XXS), uburebure kugeza kuri 12m busanzwe, uburebure bwihariye kugeza kuri 18m. Icyemezo cy'uruganda, ikizamini cya hydrostatic, ikizamini cya ultrasonic 100%, irangi ry'umuti ripfundikiye n'iryakuwemo amazi, impera zikozwe mu buryo bwa beveled cyangwa busanzwe zirahari. Bikwiriye imiyoboro itunganya imiti, imashini zihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, ibikoresho by'imiti, imiyoboro y'inzoga n'amata, uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi, no gutwara amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ohereza imeri kuri twe Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

Ibisobanuro by'igicuruzwa

Ingano y'umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze udafite umugozi:Ingano yo hanze: 21.3mm – 914mm (1/2″ – 36″), Ubunini bw'urukuta: 0.5mm – 50mm (Gahunda 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S, 160, XXS), Uburebure: 6m – 12m bisanzwe, uburebure bwihariye kugeza kuri 18m

Igipimo n'Icyiciro cy'Umuyoboro w'Icyuma Kidafunze Udakora:ASTM A312 TP304, TP304L; na ASME SA312; EN 10216-5 1.4301, 1.4307; Bingana na AISI 304, 304L; JIS G3459 SUS304TP, SUS304LTP

Imikoreshereze y'Umuyoboro w'Icyuma Kidafunze Udafite Umugozi:Imiyoboro itunganya imiti, inganda zikora peteroli, gutunganya ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, inganda zikora imiti, imiyoboro y'amata n'inzoga, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe n'imiyoboro ishyushye, gutwara amazi ashyushye cyane, uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi, inganda zitunganya imyanda n'impapuro, gutunganya imyenda, serivisi zikoresha amazi ashyushye (kugeza kuri -250°C), ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro iteranya peteroli na gaze.

Womic Steel itanga ibiciro byiza kandi bishimishije bya ASTM A312 TP304/304L umuyoboro w'icyuma kidapfa ubusa, umuyoboro wa SMLS udapfa ubusa, umuyoboro ukonje udomoye, umuyoboro wa 304 udapfa ubusa, umuyoboro udapfa ubusa udomoye. Icyemezo cy'uruganda EN 10204 3.1/3.2, ikizamini cy'amazi, UT, umuti upfunyitse, impera zikozwe mu bimera/zisanzwe, irangi ryavanzwe/risenyuwe rirahari. Itangwa ry'ibikoresho mu nganda, imiti, n'ibikomoka ku biryo ku isi yose.

Womic Steel: Ubushobozi bwo gukora n'imbaraga z'ikigo

Womic Steel Group ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho bikomeye kandi rutumiza mu mahanga ku isi rufite ubunararibonye bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu gukora ibikoresho by'ibyuma bitagira umugozi bidafite umugozi. Urwego rwacu rugezweho rukora imiyoboro idafite umugozi rukoresha uburyo bwo gukurura imiyoboro ishyushye n'ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro ikonje kugira ngo rugere ku bipimo nyabyo no ku bwiza bw'ubuso:

Umurongo Udakonje (CD) Udakonje:Ku ngano kuva kuri mm 21.3 kugeza kuri mm 219.1 (1/2″ – 8″), ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri mm 1.0 kugeza kuri mm 25. Gushushanya ukonje bitanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru (kwihanganira cyane), kurangiza neza ubuso, no kunoza imiterere ya mekanike binyuze mu gukomereza imirimo hagakurikiraho gufunga umuti. Bikunda gukoreshwa neza mu bikoresho, imiyoboro ya hydraulic, na sisitemu z'imiti.

Umurongo Udashyushye Urangiye (HF) Udapfundikiye:Ku murambararo w'urukuta kuva kuri mm 114.3 kugeza kuri mm 610 (4″ – 24″), ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri mm 4.0 kugeza kuri mm 50. Uburyo bwo kuzingurura bushyuha butanga imiyoboro miremire yo ku rukuta kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu muvuduko mwinshi ku giciro gito. Ikwiriye imiyoboro yo kuzingurura mu buryo bwa shimi, imiyoboro yo kuzingurura ubushyuhe, n'imiyoboro yo kuzingurura mu buryo bw'umuvuduko.

Umurongo utagira umugozi wo gusohora/Umurambararo munini:Ku mpande z'umurambararo kuva kuri 219mm kugeza 914mm (8″ – 36″), ubugari bw'urukuta kuva kuri 6.0mm kugeza 50mm. Ikoresha extrusion ishyushye ikurikirwa na pilger rolling kugira ngo ikore imiyoboro minini ifite umurambararo udafite umugozi aho imiyoboro ivanze itemewe cyangwa aho ingese isaba inkuta nini.

Imiyoboro yose y'icyuma kidashonga neza inyura mu buryo bwo gushyushya (gutunganya ubushyuhe) kuri 1040-1120°C hagakurikiraho kuzimya amazi cyangwa gukonjesha vuba kugira ngo ishongeshe karubide, igabanye imihangayiko y'imbere mu kazi k'ubukonje, kandi igasubizaho ubudahangarwa bwuzuye bw'ingufu, hagakurikiraho gukaraba no gusimbuza kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukureho.

Impamyabumenyi z'Ubuziranenge n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko:

Icyemezo cya ISO 9001:2015

PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) ku bikoresho bitanga umuvuduko

Icyemezo cya EN 10204 3.2 gifite icyemezo cy’uruhande rwa gatatu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)

Ubugenzuzi bw'Uruhande rwa Gatatu (TPI) bwemewe na SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV

NORSOK M-650 (iyo ubisabye gusaba mu mahanga)

Itegeko ry'uburyo bwo gukaraba icyuma gishyushya n'umuvuduko wa ASME (Ingingo ya VIII, Div. 1)

NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 kugira ngo ubone serivisi nziza (iyo ubisabye)

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora:

Ifoto ikozwe mu bukonje: 21.3–219.1mm OD × 1.0–25mm Ubwinshi × ≤ 12m

Ishyushye Irangiye: 114.3–610mm OD × 4.0–50mm Uburemere × ≤ 12m

Ubugari bwo gusohora/Ubunini: 219–914mm OD × 6.0–50mm Uburemere × ≤ 18m

Amahitamo yo kurangiza: Yashyizwemo ibinure n'ibitonore, yashyizwemo ibinure by'umukara (BA), yahinduwe irangi (180# kugeza 600#), irangi ry'indorerwamo

Womic Steel itanga imiyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga neza mu bihugu birenga 80 mu nganda zikora imiti, peteroli, imiti, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ndetse n'inganda zo mu mazi.

ASTM A312 TP304/304L: Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'imikorere yabyo

ASTM A312 TP304 na TP304L nizo ngero za steel stainless steel zagenwe cyane mu rwego rwo gutanga serivisi rusange zo kwangirika. Icyiciro cya 304 kirimo 18% bya chromium na 8% bya nikeli, bitanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika mu bidukikije bitandukanye. Icyiciro cya 304L ni verisiyo ya karuboni nkeya (0.03% ya karuboni ntarengwa) itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika hagati y’uduce duto nyuma yo gusudira, bikuraho gukenera kuvurwa ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira mu bikorwa byinshi.

Ibikubiye mu binyabutabire (Isesengura ry'inkombe, % ku bunini):

Igice	TP304 (ASTM A312)	TP304L (ASTM A312)
C	≤ 0.08	≤ 0.030
Mn	≤ 2.00	≤ 2.00
P	≤ 0.045	≤ 0.045
S	≤ 0.030	≤ 0.030
Si	≤ 1.00	≤ 1.00
Cr	18.0 – 20.0	18.0 – 20.0
Ni	8.0 – 11.0	8.0 – 12.0
N	≤ 0.10	≤ 0.10

Imiterere ya mekanike (Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba, Umuti washyizwemo):

Umutungo	TP304	TP304L
Imbaraga z'umusaruro (uburemere, 0.2% by'igabanuka)	205 MPa (30.000 psi)	170 MPa (24,700 psi)
Imbaraga zo Gufata (iminota)	515 MPa (74,700 psi)	485 MPa (70,300 psi)
Uburebure (ubugari bwa minini, 50mm)	35%	35%
Ubukomere (ntarengwa)	90 HRB (192 HBW)	90 HRB (192 HBW)

Imiterere ifatika:

Ubucucike: 7.93 g/cm³

Modulus yo guhagarara: 193 GPa (28 × 10⁶ psi)

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe: 16.2 W/m·K kuri 100°C

Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe: 17.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C (0-100°C)

Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi: 72 μΩ·cm kuri 20°C

Ubudahangarwa ku ngaruka:

Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa aside igabanya ubushyuhe (aside nitrike kugeza kuri 65%)

Ubudahangarwa bwiza ku bidukikije bya aside organic na chloride yoroheje

Irwanya neza ingese hagati y'udusimba (TP304L iruta izindi nyuma yo gusudira)

Yemerwa mu biribwa n'ibinyobwa byinshi

Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika mu kirere

Ubudahangarwa buke bwo kugabanya aside (hydrochloric, sulfuric) ku rugero rwo hejuru

Imiterere y'ubushyuhe buke:

TP304 na TP304L bigumana ubukomere bwiza kugeza kuri -196°C (-320°F)

Yemerwa na ASME B31.3 kugira ngo ikoreshwe ku bushyuhe buri hasi nka -250°C nta gupima ingaruka

Nta mpinduka iva kuri ductile ijya kuri brittle; ikomeza kuba austenitic ku bushyuhe bukabije

Iyubahirizwa ry'Uburebure bw'Ibipimo n'Amahame

Ikintu	Ibisobanuro
Igisanzwe	ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 (na A269, A213, A999)
Uburyo bwo gukora	Igishushanyo mbonera gikonje (CD), Igishyushye cyarangiye (HF), Gusohora
Intera y'Ubugari bwo Hanze	21.3mm – 914mm (1/2″ – 36″)
Ubunini bw'urukuta	0.5mm – 50mm (Gahunda ya 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S, 160, XXS)
Intera y'uburebure	Uburebure busanzwe: 6m; Uburebure: 12m, 18m, kugeza kuri 18m
Irangizwa rya nyuma	Impera Isanzwe (PE), Impera Ifite Imigozi (BE), Ifite Imigozi (iyo ubisabye)
Kurangiza ubuso	Yakuwemo n'ibinure, Yakuwemo neza (BA), Yasekuye (180# kugeza 600#), Indorerwamo (800#)
Ibyihanganire (kuri ASTM A999)	OD: ± 0.5% cyangwa ± 3.2mm; Uburemere: ± 12.5% (OD < 4″) / ± 15% (OD ≥ 4″); Uburebure: + 50mm / -0mm
Kugororoka	≤ 0.2% by'uburebure bwose (bwafashwe ukonje); ≤ 0.25% (bwarangiye bushyushye)

Ibipimo n'Ibisobanuro bihari – Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L (Ingano zisanzwe zatoranijwe)

NPS	OD (mm)	Gahunda	Uburemere (mm)	Uburemere (kg/m2)	Inzira	Uburebure Busanzwe	Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha
1/2″	21.3	40S	2.77	1.27	CD	6m	Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
3/4″	26.7	40S	2.87	1.69	CD	6m	Gupima imiti
1″	33.4	40S	3.38	2.50	CD	6m	Imirongo y'ibikorwa
1-1/2″	48.3	40S	3.68	4.05	CD	6m	Gutunganya ibiribwa
2″	60.3	40S	3.91	5.44	CD	6m / 12m	Imihanda y'inzoga
2-1/2″	73.0	40S	5.16	8.63	CD	6m / 12m	Imiyoboro y'amazi
3″	88.9	40S	5.49	11.3	CD/HF	6m / 12m	Ibikoresho byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe
4″	114.3	40S	6.02	16.1	CD/HF	6m / 12m	Uburyo bw'imiti
5″	141.3	40S	6.55	21.8	HF	6m / 12m	Imiyoboro y'umuvuduko
6″	168.3	40S	7.11	28.3	HF	6m / 12m	Gusukura amazi
8″	219.1	40S	8.18	42.6	HF/Ext	Metero 12	Umutwe mukuru
10″	273.0	40S	9.27	60.3	HF/Ext	Metero 12	Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gutunganya
12″	323.9	40S	9.53	74.0	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Ubunini bw'umurambararo
14″	355.6	40S	11.13	94.6	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro
16″	406.4	40S	12.70	123.4	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Uruganda rw'imiti
18″	457.2	40S	14.27	156.0	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Ibinyabutabire bya peteroli
20″	508.0	40S	15.09	183.5	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Ingano nini
24″	609.6	40S	17.48	255.5	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Imitwe y'ingenzi
30″	762.0	Ihariye	15.9 – 30.0	Biratandukanye	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Serivisi zidasanzwe
36″	914.4	Ihariye	19.0 – 40.0	Biratandukanye	Ibisobanuro	Metero 12	Ubunini bw'umurambararo

Ingano zihariye hanze y'izi nganda ziraboneka iyo ubisabye. Imiyoboro ishyushye irangiye kugeza kuri 610mm OD; ingano nini binyuze mu gusohora.

Amabwiriza n'Ingano by'Umuyoboro w'Icyuma Gitambitse Udapfutse Byakozwe na Womic Steel

Igisanzwe	Ibyiciro by'icyuma	Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha	Uburyo bwo gukora
ASTM A312	TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347, TP309, TP310	Serivisi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi irwanya ubushyuhe muri rusange	CD/HF/Extension
ASTM A213	TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H	Boiler, superheater, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe	CD
ASTM A269	TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321	Imiyoboro rusange ya serivisi (ibikoresho, hydraulic)	CD
ASTM A511	304, 304L, 316, 316L	Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (umwobo w'ubururu)	CD/HF
EN 10216-5	1.4301 (304), 1.4307 (304L), 1.4401 (316), 1.4404 (316L)	Imiterere y'igitutu, idafite umushongi ukozwe mu cyuma gifunganye	CD/HF
JIS G3459	SUS304TP, SUS304LTP, SUS316TP, SUS316LTP	Imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi	CD/HF

Ikoreshwa:Gutunganya imiti, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, imiti, ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, gutwara amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi, ibikoresho, sisitemu z'amazi, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, gukusanya peteroli na gaze, gutunganya amazi.

Uburyo bwo gukora - Umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze utagira umugozi (Ukonje / Ushyushye / Usohoka)

Womic Steel ikoresha inzira eshatu z'ibanze zo gukora zidafite imitako, zatoranijwe hashingiwe ku murambararo, ubugari bw'urukuta, n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa.

Uburyo bwo gushushanya (CD) - Ubugari buto kugeza ku buringanire buri hagati (21.3–219.1mm OD, 1.0–25mm WIT):

1. Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo (Billet):Ibyuma bitagira umugese byemejwe ko bifite imiterere ya shimi muri ASTM A312. Buri byuma bifite inomero y'ubushyuhe yihariye kugira ngo bikurikirane neza.

2. Gutegura imyitozo ngororamubiri:Ibice by'inyuma bicibwa uko uburebure bungana, bigacukurwa hagati, hanyuma bigashyuha kugeza kuri 1150-1250°C.

3. Gutobora / Gucura ibyuma bizunguruka:Inyama zishyushye zitoborwa n'agapira kugira ngo hakorwe igikonoshwa cy'ubusa (umuyoboro w'amazi) hakoreshejwe uruganda rukoresha icyuma cya Mannesmann.

4. Gushyuha cyane (Umugenzi / Uruganda rukomeza):Igikonoshwa cy'ubudodo kizungurutswa ku giti cya mandrel kugira ngo kigabanye umurambararo n'ubugari bw'urukuta kugeza ku bunini buri hagati.

5. Guteka (Bishyushye bizinze):Gukuraho igipimo mbere yo gushushanya ahantu hakonje.

6. Igishushanyo Gikonje (Amapasi Menshi):Umuyoboro uca mu cyuma gikoresha icyuma gifunga amazi kugira ngo ugere ku bipimo nyabyo bya nyuma (OD na ID). Hashobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo gufunga amazi kugira ngo habeho uburyo bunini bwo kugabanya. Gushushanya mu buryo bukonje byongera ubwiza bw'ibipimo (ubuhanga buhanitse) no kurangiza neza ubuso.

7. Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe (Gukoresha umuti wo gushyushya):Umuyoboro ushyushya kugeza kuri 1040-1120°C hanyuma ugakonjeshwa vuba (amazi azimya cyangwa umwuka utembanwa) kugira ngo ushongeshe karubide kandi wongere urwango rwo kurwanya ingese.

8. Kugorora:Imashini yo koroshya ibintu byinshi ifasha koroshya ibintu neza ≤ 0.2% by'uburebure.

9. Gukata kugeza ku burebure:Umukero ukozwe mu buryo bwikora kandi ugenzurwa neza n'uburebure bwawo.

10.Guteka no gushyuha:Gukuraho ubushyuhe no gusubizaho urwego rwa okiside idakoreshejwe.

11.Ikizamini Kidasenya:Ikizamini cya Eddy current (100%) kuri buri ASTM A312; ikizamini cya hydrostatic (ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho serivisi y'umuvuduko).

12.Igenzura rya nyuma n'ibimenyetso:Ikimenyetso gihoraho kuri ASTM A312 (urwego, ingano, inomero y'ubushyuhe, uwakoze).

Uburyo bushyushye burangiye (HF) – Ubugari buri hagati kugeza kuri bunini (114.3–610mm OD, 4.0–50mm WIT):

1. Gushyushya Ifishi:Ifu y'ibirahuri ishyushye kugeza kuri 1200-1280°C.

2. Gutobora / Gutobora imigozi:Bisa n'uburyo CD ikorwa ariko nta gushushanya gukonje nyuma yaho.

3. Gutembera Guhoraho (Mandrel Mill):Ishyushye cyane irazingurutse kugeza ku bipimo bya nyuma mu buryo bumwe bukomeza.

4. Ingano y'urusyo:Ivugurura rya nyuma ry'umurambararo.

5. Gufata umuti:1040-1120°C, amazi azima.

6. Kugorora no Gukata Kurebure

7. Guteka no gushyuha

8. NDT:100% UT cyangwa ikizamini cya hydrostatic.

9. Igenzura rya nyuma n'ibimenyetso

Uburyo bwo Gusohora - Umurambararo munini cyane (219–914mm OD, 6.0–50mm WIT):

1. Gutegura no Gushyushya Imbunda:Ifu y'ibirahuri ishyushye kugeza kuri 1150-1250°C.

2. Gutobora / Mbere yo Gutobora

3. Gusohora:Imashini ishyushye ishyirwa mu cyuma ikoresheje imashini ikoresha hydraulic press (ingufu za toni 3000-6000) kugira ngo ikore umuyoboro udafite umugozi mu ntambwe imwe. Ishobora gukora uburebure bunini kurusha uburyo bwo kuzunguruka.

4. Gufata umuti:1040-1120°C, amazi azima.

5. Guteka no gushyuha

6. Ikizamini cya NDT n'amazi

7. Igenzura rya nyuma n'ibimenyetso

Ibyiza by'umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze udafite umugozi:

Nta mushonge wo gusudira - bikuraho ingaruka zo kwangirika ziterwa no gusudira

Imiterere y'ibinyampeke imwe n'imiterere ihamye y'imashini

Igipimo cy'umuvuduko kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'umuyoboro wasutswe ufite ingano imwe (nta kintu gifasha guhuza imiyoboro)

Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwangiza kandi busukuye cyane aho imigozi yo gusudira ishobora gufata ibintu bihumanya

Iboneka mu bunini n'ubugari bw'inkuta birenze ubushobozi bwo gusudira

Irangi ryiza cyane mu gihe gikonje

Uburyo bwo kugenzura no gupima ubuziranenge bw'umuyoboro wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L w'icyuma kidafunze kidafunze

Urugendo	Uburyo bwo kugenzura	Intego
Ibikoresho fatizo (Billet)	Isesengura ry'ibinyabutabire (OES Spectrometer)	Genzura aho TP304/304L igarukira (Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11% kuri 304; C ≤ 0.03% kuri 304L)
Ibikoresho fatizo (Billet)	Isuzuma ry'umukandara	Genzura imiterere ya mekanike kuri buri cyiciro
Muri gahunda	Igenzura ry'ibipimo (OD, WT)	Ibipimo byo kugenzura mu gihe cyo gushushanya ukonje / gushyuha
Nyuma yo Gukoresha Ubushyuhe	Ikizamini cy'Ubukomere (HRB/HV/HBW)	Genzura uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga amazi (≤ 90 HRB cyangwa ≤ 192 HBW)
Umuyoboro warangiye	Ikizamini cy'amazi (Ni ngombwa kuri ASTM A312 kugira ngo habeho serivisi y'umuvuduko)	Ubusugire bw'igitutu – 85-100% SMYS
Umuyoboro warangiye	Ikizamini cya Eddy Current (100%) – kuri ASTM A312	Kumenya inenge zo ku buso no hafi y'ubuso (zisimbura ikizamini cya hydrotest ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe)
Umuyoboro warangiye	Ikizamini cyo Kugorora	Genzura ko nta mikorobe ifite (nta cyuho nyuma yo gupfunyika kugeza kuri 1/3 cy'inyuma)
Umuyoboro warangiye	Ikizamini cyo Gutwika	Genzura ko umuyoboro ugenda neza kugira ngo wongere imbaraga
Umuyoboro warangiye	Kugaragaza Ibintu Bifatika (PMI)	Emeza amanota (304 vs 304L)
Umuyoboro warangiye	Igenzura ry'amaso n'ubuso	Reba niba hari inenge ku buso, imyobo, iminkanyari, n'ubushyuhe
Umuyoboro warangiye	Igenzura ry'ibimenyetso	Menya neza ko ikimenyetso gihoraho gikurikije ASTM A312
Umuyoboro warangiye	Ikizamini cya kononekara hagati y'udukoko (Imyitozo E - ASTM A262)	Gutahura uburyo bwo gupima (niba byavuzwe, ni ngombwa kuri 304L)

Ibizamini by'ingenzi:

Ikizamini cy'ingaruka ku bushyuhe buri hasi (Charpy V-Notch) – kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gupima ubushyuhe (urugero, -196°C)

Ikizamini cyo Gushonga mu Giti (ASTM G48) – kugira ngo hamenyekane serivisi ya chloride

Isuzuma ry'imiterere y'uturemangingo (ASTM E112) – gupima ingano y'ibinyampeke

Igenzura ry'ubwihangane bw'ibipimo hakurikijwe ASTM A999

Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic ry'uburebure bwose (atari umuyoboro wa eddy gusa) – ku bikoresho bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru

Porogaramu z'ibanze - Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L

Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga ifite umugozi ya 304/304L ni yo miyoboro ikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi kandi irinda ingese mu nganda nyinshi:

Inganda zitunganya imiti:Gutwara aside organic, alkali, solvents, n'ibindi binyabutabire biri hagati. 304L niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ingese hagati y'ibinyabutabire. Imiyoboro idafite umushono ikuraho ingese ziterwa no gusudira.

Uruganda rwa peteroli n'ibinyabutabire:Imiyoboro y'amazi ikonjesha, serivisi ya amine, imiyoboro ikoresha umuvuduko muke, hamwe na sisitemu z'inyongera aho bisaba kurwanya ingese. Imirimo ikozwe neza ikunda gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Inganda z'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa:Umuyoboro w'icyuma kidashonga ufite umugozi ukozwe mu byuma bitagira umugozi ukoreshwa mu gutunganya amata, gukora inzoga, gukora imitobe, kohereza amavuta yo kurya, na sisitemu za CIP (Clean-In-Place). Kutagira imiyoboro yo gusudira bivuze ko nta miyoboro ifata bagiteri.

Inganda zikora imiti:Amazi meza (PW) n'amazi yo gutera (WFI). Imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza amazi idafite umushongi ifite irangi ry'amashanyarazi imbere (Ra ≤ 0.4μm) itanga isuku yo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Imashini zihindura ubushyuhe n'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko:Utwuma duhindura ubushyuhe bw'ibishishwa n'imiyoboro, U-tube bundles, cooling coils, n'udupira tw'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko. Utwuma tudakora neza kuri ASTM A213 ni two dusanzwe dukoreshwa mu gutanga ubushyuhe.

Gutwara amazi akoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi:Imiyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro y'umwuka w'ibikoresho, imiyoboro iterwamo imiti, hamwe na sisitemu zo guterura amazi zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Ubugari bw'urukuta rw'imiyoboro idafite umugozi butanga icyizere mu gihe cy'umuvuduko uhoraho.

Sisitemu zo Gusukura Amazi:Inzira y'amazi inyura mu miyoboro ya reverse osmosis (RO), ikwirakwizwa ry'amazi adakoresha mineral, n'imiyoboro y'imiti aho ubuso bugenda neza ari ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko bwangirika.

Serivisi yo gushyushya:Azote y'amazi, LNG, n'ubundi buryo bwo gufata amazi ashyushye (kugeza kuri -196°C). 304/304L igumana ubukomere bwiza mu bushyuhe bushyushye kandi nta mpinduka iva kuri ductile ijya kuri brittle.

Imiti n'ikoranabuhanga rya Biotekinoloji:Imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye, sisitemu z'umwuka usukuye, n'imiyoboro y'amazi isukuye cyane. Imiyoboro idafite umugozi ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ni ibisanzwe mu kubahiriza USP Class VI.

Gupakira no Kohereza – Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L

Gupakira imiyoboro y'icyuma kidafunze neza:

Ubwirinzi bwo kurwanya ingese:Imiyoboro ishyirwamo amavuta cyangwa isizwe impapuro za VCI (Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor). Ku biryo/imiti, nta mavuta akoreshwa; imiyoboro ipfundikirwa mu gipfundikizo cya pulasitiki ifite imipfundikizo.

Ingofero z'inyuma:Imipfundikizo ikomeye ya pulasitiki (ifite ibara ry'umutuku cyangwa ibonerana) irinda impera zipfundikiye kandi ikarinda imyanda kwinjira. Ku miyoboro irabagirana, imipfundikizo yoroshye ya pulasitiki irinda gushwanyagurika.

Guhuza (Ubugari buto - ≤ 60mm):Imiyoboro ihambirwa mu migozi ifite impande esheshatu (ubusanzwe imiyoboro 50-100 kuri buri mugozi) hamwe n'imigozi y'icyuma n'ibirindiro birinda impfuruka. Impapuro zihuza hagati y'ibice birinda gushwanyagurika kw'ubuso.

Ipaki imwe imwe (Ubugari buri hagati/bunini – > 60mm):Imiyoboro ipfundikirwa ukwayo na pulasitiki ifite imipfundikizo.

Uburinzi bw'ubuso ku birahuri bisukuye:Ku birahuri byasembuye (kuva kuri #180 kugeza kuri #600), hakoreshwa agapira ka PVC gafata neza kugira ngo karinde ubuso mu gihe cyo kunyuramo. Ku birahuri byasembuye (800#), hakoreshwa agapira k'inyongera.

Amasanduku y'ibiti:Ku miyoboro ikoze mu buryo bwa "polished", "isuku", cyangwa "pharmacies", hakoreshwa amasanduku y'ibiti yihariye afite ifuro.

Kohereza:

Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu:Amasanduku y'ibikoresho (amasanduku ya metero 20 cyangwa metero 40), amasanduku y'ibikoresho bidafite umuvuduko munini (ku ngano nini), cyangwa amasanduku yo gutwara ibintu mu kirere (ku ngero zihutirwa/gusimbuza ibyihutirwa).

Gushyira mu bikoresho bya kontenari:Ku miyoboro ifite uburebure bwa metero 610, imiyoboro ishyirwa mu bikoresho bisanzwe bifite uburebure bwa metero 20 cyangwa metero 40. Ku miyoboro y’isuku, ibikoresho bishyirwamo plywood kugira ngo bitangiza.

Gutanga amafaranga menshi ku giciro gito:Ku miyoboro minini y'umurambararo (> 610mm), gushyiramo imiyoboro mu buryo butaziguye hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera byabugenewe byo kubikamo imiyoboro.

Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho byo mu gikoni giciriritse:Ku miyoboro irengeje ingano isanzwe y'ibikoresho (uburebure > 12m cyangwa umurambararo > 2.3m).

Ibirango:Buri gapfunyika cyangwa umuyoboro ku giti cyawo byanditseho urwego rw'ibikoresho, ibipimo, umubare w'ubushyuhe, n'amabwiriza yo kubikoresha.

Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y’isuku/imiti:Imiyoboro y'isuku yoherezwa mu bikoresho byabugenewe bifite ipaki igenzurwa n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yahinduka cyangwa ngo atwikwe. Imigozi y'inyuma iba ifite imiterere ya firigo kandi ishyirwa ahantu hasukuye.

Inyandiko zikubiye muri buri kohereza:

Icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda (EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 cyangwa 3.2 iyo ubisabye)

Raporo y'Ikizamini cya Hydrostatic (hamwe n'umuvuduko, igihe, n'amakuru yo kwaguka)

Raporo y'ikizamini cya Eddy Current/Ultrasonic (ubwishingizi 100%)

Raporo y'igenzura ry'ibipimo (OD, WT, uburebure, imiterere igororotse, oval)

Raporo ya PMI (Icyitonderwa cy'ibikoresho byiza hamwe n'igenzura ry'amanota)

Raporo z'ibizamini byo gushyushya no gutwika

Urutonde rw'ibipakirwa (harimo inomero z'imigozi n'ibipimo)

Urutonde rw'inyemezabuguzi z'ubucuruzi n'urutonde rw'ibipaki

Icyemezo cy'inkomoko (ubusanzwe mu Bushinwa, ariko gishobora gutanga COO ifishi E, ifishi F, nibindi)

Ku bikoresho bipima igitutu: Itangazo rya CE ry'uko bihuye n'ibipimo (niba bikenewe)

Ku rwego rw'imiti: Icyemezo cy'isuku, raporo y'ubukana bw'ubuso (Ra)

Ibyiza n'Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa mu Byuma bya Womic - Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umushongi wa ASTM A312 TP304/304L